Cloning: Has Science Created A Frankenstein? Essay -- Argumentative Pe

Cloning Has erudition Created A Frankenstein?In Shelleys Frankenstein the scientist Victor Frankenstein is out to create flavour by putting human parts along with electricity. His quest is to be able to create life in a way which has never been through with(p) or thought of before. Victor Frankenstein may have been motivated by the death of his family, hoping to find a reverse to death in an attempt to hoaxer death. He may have also been motivated by the power of creating life. Regardless of his motivation his desire to create life became so overwhelming that he eventually had no interest in anything but his work. This desire for scientific advancement which Shelley writes about must be similar to what motivates scientists even today. In the conk out century scientist have been attempting to find ways to create life by artificial means. Scientists have made in-vitro grooming possible, allowing thousands of infertile couples to have biological children. When in-vitro fertilizat ion was introduced it was seen as completely unnatural and going against all religions. I am sure there are still people who view in-virto fertilization as wrong, but the vast majority of the world can see it for its benefits at this point. Although it must be said that it did take a while for people on a whole to accept this method of conceiving a child. Today, we as a society world wide have a new issue to pickle with. Science has discovered the means in which to clone animals, opening a whole new discussion. Many people are inclined to say why would science even wish to peruse this method of research. Lewis Thomas says in his essay The Hazards of Science It would seem to me a to a greater extent unnatural thing and more of an offense against nat... ... effect all humanity, and therefore, need to not think on an individual level. J. Michael Bishop states that The price of science seems large but to reject science is to sweep future.(261). We can not undo what has been discovered and we must find out that all countries involved with cloning form a committee to monitor the uses of this technology to ensure that it is used in the best interest of mankind. Works CitedBishop, Michael J. Enemies of Promise The Presence of Others. C Comp. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz. New York St. Martins, 1997 255-263. Shelley, Mary Frankenstein. The Presence of Others. Comp Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz. New York St. Martins, 1997 230-235. Thomas, Lewis The Hazards of Science The Presence of Others. Comp. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz. New York St. Martins, 1997 236-242.

Comparing How Various Anthropologists Discovered Anthropology as a Care

Comparing How Various Anthropologists Discovered Anthropology as a CareerAnthropologists have reasons for entering a field of work just like any other person has reasons for Choosing science over music or medicine over business. The reason a person may enter a particular career finish be from stumbling upon a field that they knew little. Once discovering it they have ambitions of being the best they can be. It could also stem from a desire as a child to know more about a specific subject. Reasons may be searching or similar to another persons in the same field. I will compare various anthropologists to how they started in anthropology and how they are different from one another.Anthropologists have stumbled upon or discovered the world of anthropology in their own ways. Barbara Smutts decided that she would study anthropology at the age of 13 (Rosenthal, 23). After translation Jane Good on the wholes first article about chimpanzees and with her rage of animals and science she kne w that anthropology would be her career (23). Adrienne Zihhnan, like Smutts, stumbled upon anthropology after reading an article. She read a book by Margaret Mead for a course at Miami University (Shell, 38). After reading it she changed her major and transferred to a college with the major (38). Zihhnan has made Paleoanthropology her specialized area. The origination of the two& faintheartedlegged gait has been her focus (Shell, 40). Smutts has studied Primatology and observed chromatic baboons and the bottle&SHYnecked dolphin (Roshenthal, 24 & 26). The discovery of a career through reading an article makes a person wonder if all big decisions could be that simple.Aslihan Yener discovered anthropology after transferring to Robert College to study art history (Bass, 64)... ...n/legkey http//www.anatomy.su.oz.au/danLiy/anthropology/anthro&SHY1/bio&SHYgraphies/thorton Linguistics. Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology vol. 1, 1996. Linguistics. The New Encyclopedia Britannica vol. 7 , 1993. Mead, Margaret. leaders of Modem Anthropology Ruth Benedict. New York Columbia University Press, 1974. Paleoanthropology. Academic American Encyclopedia vol. 15, 1996. Primatology. Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory. 1988. Rosenthal, Elisabeth. The Forgotten Female. Discover. Dec. 1991 22&SHY27. Shell, Ellen Ruppel. Flesh and Bone. Discover. Dec. 1991 37&SHY42. Spencer, Robert F. Methods and Perspective in Anthropology. Minneapolis The University of Minnesota Press, 1954. Steward, Julian H. Leaders of Modem Anthropology Alfred Kroeber. New York Columbia University Press, 1973.

Essay --

Yevette CollierTerm 2 FTZACUTE RENAL FAILURE instructor Michelle Earixson-Lamothe12/05/2013Explain the pathophysiology of incisive renal failure. Include pre-renal, intra-renal, and Post- renal ca substance abuses. In the Human body there are two kidneys which are predominant serving organs that transport waste and other unwanted toxin chemicals out of the blood stream. When the kidneys stop working all the waste backs up into the body which causes several various illnesses. Renal Failure is one of many illnesses that occur. This usually happens because the powerlessness of the nephron in the kidneys that keep fluid, electrolytes, and acid base balances expel nitrogen waste products and run upon regulatory functions such as maintaining calcification of bones and producing erythropoietin, cannot maintain homeostasis according to Timby B & Smith N (2010). There are two types of renal failure cracking and chronic. Im going to elaborate on the most common type acute renal fai lure.Acute Renal failure Acute renal failure is distinguished by an abrupt rapid diminishing kidney function but, is usually reversible. Pre-renal, Intra-renal, and Post-renal are three general categories that cause acute renal failure.1.Pre-renal acute renal failure is manifested when a sudden severe decrease in blood pressure (shock) or (renal hypo-perfusion) interruption in blood flow to the kidney from a severe injury or illness (Urinary power point, 2013). According to Williams & Wilkins (2008) in pre-renal ARF, there is nothing wrong with the kidney itself. Affected renal blood flow whitethorn result from hemorrhage third-spacing, MI primary renal artery stenosis or anything that reduces systemic blood pressure, severe blood loss or the great unwashed deple... ...s several times a week.Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of your abdomen, called the peritoneal membrane, to filter your blood. This dialysis treatment can be utilized at home when using a continuous peritoneal di alysis.Renal transplant is a surgical treatment for end stage renal disease. Normally theses transplants are obtained by deceased donors, which are limited and require a close match between blood and tissue type (preferably a twin or family member). Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is jilted by the recipients Immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue. Transplant rejection can be lessened by determining the molecular similitude between donor and recipient and by use of immunosuppressant drugs after transplant. What are the short term nursing goals and long term nursing goals for a client with acute renal failure?

Anabolic Steroids :: essays research papers fc

In todays modern age ponderosity postscripts have dumbfound the answer for many young people to develop the body which they want to achieve. Younger users are fetching additions without thinking about the consequences that go along with taking them. Young athletes are choosing to buy muscle substances that they know nothing about. To get to the solutions on how to fix the supplement problem among young athletes, it is most important that we tame both the athletes, and their parents about the risks involved with taking muscle supplements.It is vitally important to understand what the supplements are and why athletes take them. Creatine is an amino acid that is produced in the liver, pancreas, and kidneys, and it helps muscles replenish adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which fuels muscle contraction (Balsom). Creatine was made famous by the Major League Baseball player Mark Maguire, who openly shared with the popular his daily use of Creatine. Mark Maguire broke the record for home runs hit in a season, and since past Creatine has become the most widely use supplement out on the market. No one is sure about the long term side effects of Creatine. Some scientists believe that when being used by young athletes it may stunt the growth of the adolescent. Some of the short term side effects include cramps, especially in the legs, and upset stomach. I used Creatine when I was 16 years old, and built up an extra 15 pounds of muscle while on the supplement. My main sport was soccer, and the extra muscle was great and helped me tremendously at first. Then problems started occurring in the lower half of my body. My legs would cramp while I was in the middle of a game, which had never happened to me before. It was then that I realized that Creatine was causing the cramps. Soccer requires a large amount of running, and with constant leg cramps I was unable to perform at the train I needed, so I stopped using the supplement. Within two weeks I had lost the extra 15 pound s, which was disappointing, but I was cramp vacate in the legs, which was a relief. Several of my friends who played football were also using Creatine, but the sport they played required less running, and more muscle. Therefore the supplement aided them in becoming better football players. The key to using supplements lies in the results you want to achieve, and the risks you are willing to take.

Introduction to Debt Policy Essay -- essays research papers

When a firm grows, it needs hood, and that roof can recognize from debt or equity. Debt has 2 important advantages. First, relate salaried on Debt is assess deductible to the corporation. This effectively reduces the debts effective cost. Second, debt holders get a fixed give up so stockholders do not have to share their profits if the business is extremely successful. Debt has disadvantages as considerably, the high the debt ratio, the riskier the order, hence higher the cost of debt as well as equity. If the company suffers financial hardships and the run income is not sufficient to cover lodge in charges, its stockholders result have to make up for the shortfall and if they cannot, bankruptcy will result. Debt can be an obstacle that blocks a company from seeing better times even if they are a couple of quarters away.Capital twist policy is a trade-off between risk and returnUsing debt raises the risk borne by stock holdersUsing more debt generally leads to a high er expected set on equity.There are four primary factors square up capital social organization decisionsBusiness risk, or the riskiness inherent in the firms operations, if it uses no debt. The greater the firms business risk, the lower its optimal debt ratio.The firms tax position. A major cogitate for using debt is that interest is tax deductible, which lowers the effective cost of debt. However if most of a firms income is already sheltered from taxes by depreciation tax shields, by interest on currently outstanding debt, or by tax loss carry forwards, its tax rate will already be low, so extra debt will not be as advantageous as it would be to a firm with a higher effective tax rate.Financial tractability or the ability to raise capital on reasonable terms under adverse conditions. Corporate treasurers know that a fuddled supply of capital is necessary for stable operations, which is vital for long-run success. They also know that when money is tight in the economy, or wh en a firm is experiencing operating difficulties, suppliers of capital like to provide funds to companies with strong balance sheets. Therefore, both the potential future need for funds and the consequences of a funds shortage influence the target capital struct... ...p1,701,744668,391 fare Value1,701,7442,234,077Total per share = (Total Value)/(No. of Shares) 60.5079.43Before re-capitalization, the weight of debt of the Koppers firm is around 9.1% (172,409 / 1,889,153) and the share price is $60.50. Issuing a debt of $1,738,095,000 has changed the capital structure of the firm and the new weight of Debt is 71.8% (1,738,095 / 2,421,486). Though, the share price has decreased to $23.76 after re-capitalization, shareholders have a cash flow of $79.43 due to the dividend of $55.67 (79.43 - 23.76) paid out. Share bell before Re-capitalization$60.50New Share Price after Re-capitalization (SP)$23.76Number of Shares (N)28,128Value of Dividend Paid Out (D)$1,565,686Dividend Distributed p er share (Div/share = D/N)$55.67Total Value to stockholder (SP + Div/Share)$79.43 Introduction to Debt Policy Essay -- essays research papers When a firm grows, it needs capital, and that capital can come from debt or equity. Debt has two important advantages. First, interest paid on Debt is tax deductible to the corporation. This effectively reduces the debts effective cost. Second, debt holders get a fixed return so stockholders do not have to share their profits if the business is extremely successful. Debt has disadvantages as well, the higher the debt ratio, the riskier the company, hence higher the cost of debt as well as equity. If the company suffers financial hardships and the operating income is not sufficient to cover interest charges, its stockholders will have to make up for the shortfall and if they cannot, bankruptcy will result. Debt can be an obstacle that blocks a company from seeing better times even if they are a couple of quarters away.Capital str ucture policy is a trade-off between risk and returnUsing debt raises the risk borne by stock holdersUsing more debt generally leads to a higher expected rate on equity.There are four primary factors influence capital structure decisionsBusiness risk, or the riskiness inherent in the firms operations, if it uses no debt. The greater the firms business risk, the lower its optimal debt ratio.The firms tax position. A major reason for using debt is that interest is tax deductible, which lowers the effective cost of debt. However if most of a firms income is already sheltered from taxes by depreciation tax shields, by interest on currently outstanding debt, or by tax loss carry forwards, its tax rate will already be low, so additional debt will not be as advantageous as it would be to a firm with a higher effective tax rate.Financial flexibility or the ability to raise capital on reasonable terms under adverse conditions. Corporate treasurers know that a steady supply of capital is nece ssary for stable operations, which is vital for long-run success. They also know that when money is tight in the economy, or when a firm is experiencing operating difficulties, suppliers of capital prefer to provide funds to companies with strong balance sheets. Therefore, both the potential future need for funds and the consequences of a funds shortage influence the target capital struct... ...p1,701,744668,391Total Value1,701,7442,234,077Total per share = (Total Value)/(No. of Shares) 60.5079.43Before re-capitalization, the weight of debt of the Koppers firm is around 9.1% (172,409 / 1,889,153) and the share price is $60.50. Issuing a debt of $1,738,095,000 has changed the capital structure of the firm and the new weight of Debt is 71.8% (1,738,095 / 2,421,486). Though, the share price has decreased to $23.76 after re-capitalization, shareholders have a cash flow of $79.43 due to the dividend of $55.67 (79.43 - 23.76) paid out. Share Price before Re-capitalization$60.50New Share Price after Re-capitalization (SP)$23.76Number of Shares (N)28,128Value of Dividend Paid Out (D)$1,565,686Dividend Distributed per share (Div/share = D/N)$55.67Total Value to Shareholder (SP + Div/Share)$79.43

Introduction to Debt Policy Essay -- essays research papers

When a fast(a) grows, it needs capital, and that capital can come from debt or equity. Debt has two important advantages. First, interest paying(a) on Debt is tax income deductible to the corporation. This effectively reduces the debts effective bell. Second, debt holders get a fixed return so stockholders do non have to deal out their profits if the air is extremely successful. Debt has disadvantages as well, the higher the debt ratio, the luckier the lodge, hence higher the cost of debt as well as equity. If the company suffers financial hardships and the operating income is not sufficient to direct interest charges, its stockholders will have to make up for the shortfall and if they cannot, bankruptcy will result. Debt can be an obstacle that blocks a company from seeing fracture times even if they are a couple of quarters away.Capital structure policy is a trade-off between risk and return employ debt retchs the risk borne by stock holdersUsing more debt generally lea ds to a higher expected rate on equity.There are four primary election factors influence capital structure decisionsBusiness risk, or the riskiness inherent in the firms operations, if it uses no debt. The greater the firms affair risk, the lower its optimal debt ratio.The firms tax position. A major reason for using debt is that interest is tax deductible, which lowers the effective cost of debt. However if near of a firms income is already sheltered from taxes by depreciation tax shields, by interest on currently corking debt, or by tax loss carry forwards, its tax rate will already be low, so additional debt will not be as discriminatory as it would be to a firm with a higher effective tax rate.Financial flexibility or the ability to raise capital on reasonable terms under adverse conditions. Corporate treasurers know that a steady supply of capital is necessary for stable operations, which is merry for long-run success. They besides know that when money is tight in the ec onomy, or when a firm is experiencing operating difficulties, suppliers of capital prefer to provide funds to companies with severe balance sheets. Therefore, both the potential future need for funds and the consequences of a funds shortage influence the target capital struct... ...p1,701,744668,391 make sense Value1,701,7442,234,077Total per share = (Total Value)/(No. of roles) 60.5079.43 onward re-capitalization, the freight of debt of the Koppers firm is around 9.1% (172,409 / 1,889,153) and the share charge is $60.50. Issuing a debt of $1,738,095,000 has changed the capital structure of the firm and the new weight of Debt is 71.8% (1,738,095 / 2,421,486). Though, the share price has decreased to $23.76 later re-capitalization, shareholders have a cash flow of $79.43 due to the dividend of $55.67 (79.43 - 23.76) paid out. Share Price before Re-capitalization$60.50New Share Price after Re-capitalization (SP)$23.76Number of Shares (N)28,128Value of Dividend Paid Out (D)$1,565 ,686Dividend Distributed per share (Div/share = D/N)$55.67Total Value to Shareholder (SP + Div/Share)$79.43 Introduction to Debt Policy canvas -- essays research papers When a firm grows, it needs capital, and that capital can come from debt or equity. Debt has two important advantages. First, interest paid on Debt is tax deductible to the corporation. This effectively reduces the debts effective cost. Second, debt holders get a fixed return so stockholders do not have to share their profits if the business is extremely successful. Debt has disadvantages as well, the higher the debt ratio, the riskier the company, hence higher the cost of debt as well as equity. If the company suffers financial hardships and the operating income is not sufficient to cover interest charges, its stockholders will have to make up for the shortfall and if they cannot, bankruptcy will result. Debt can be an obstacle that blocks a company from seeing better times even if they are a couple of quarters away.Capital structure policy is a trade-off between risk and returnUsing debt raises the risk borne by stock holdersUsing more debt generally leads to a higher expected rate on equity.There are four primary factors influence capital structure decisionsBusiness risk, or the riskiness inherent in the firms operations, if it uses no debt. The greater the firms business risk, the lower its optimal debt ratio.The firms tax position. A major reason for using debt is that interest is tax deductible, which lowers the effective cost of debt. However if most of a firms income is already sheltered from taxes by depreciation tax shields, by interest on currently outstanding debt, or by tax loss carry forwards, its tax rate will already be low, so additional debt will not be as advantageous as it would be to a firm with a higher effective tax rate.Financial flexibility or the ability to raise capital on reasonable terms under adverse conditions. Corporate treasurers know that a stea dy supply of capital is necessary for stable operations, which is vital for long-run success. They also know that when money is tight in the economy, or when a firm is experiencing operating difficulties, suppliers of capital prefer to provide funds to companies with strong balance sheets. Therefore, both the potential future need for funds and the consequences of a funds shortage influence the target capital struct... ...p1,701,744668,391Total Value1,701,7442,234,077Total per share = (Total Value)/(No. of Shares) 60.5079.43Before re-capitalization, the weight of debt of the Koppers firm is around 9.1% (172,409 / 1,889,153) and the share price is $60.50. Issuing a debt of $1,738,095,000 has changed the capital structure of the firm and the new weight of Debt is 71.8% (1,738,095 / 2,421,486). Though, the share price has decreased to $23.76 after re-capitalization, shareholders have a cash flow of $79.43 due to the dividend of $55.67 (79.43 - 23.76) paid out. Share Price before Re-ca pitalization$60.50New Share Price after Re-capitalization (SP)$23.76Number of Shares (N)28,128Value of Dividend Paid Out (D)$1,565,686Dividend Distributed per share (Div/share = D/N)$55.67Total Value to Shareholder (SP + Div/Share)$79.43

Mental Health issues in Adults Essay

Mental wellness is defined in wellnessy People 2020 as embrace the ability to engage in productive activities and fulfilling relationships with other pot, to adapt to change and to cope with adversity (USDHHS, 2010). In the United States nearly 57.7 Million adults (18 age and above) endure from a psychical health sickness in a given year and 6% of the population suffers from a serious rational illness (NIMH, 2010). The take aim of this paper is to look into the perspective of how best one roll in the hay advocate for psychogenic health disorder as a population health burden through discordant strategies including policy change. Population wellness Issue and Population AffectedMental health disorders have no boundaries and affect all people without regard to gender, race or age. They atomic number 18 the leading cause of disability in North America (WHO, 2008b). Despite the staggering flesh of people with mental health disorders, only 25% obtain help in any disjoint of the health c are system, while the majority receives no specialty mental health care. It is unrealistic to have a goal of decreasing the prevalence of mental illness because mental illness by its nature is a composite patternt bio psychosocial disorder and any stressful event in life may be the cause of mental health problem and allone is susceptible to it.According to Byers et al. the number of people age 55 and above suffering from mood or anxiety disorders has been increasing for the last two decades and it has a trend of doubling itself e actually five years. This alarming trend volition soon become a public health crisis as a large number of baby boomer generation ages. The increasing number of returning veterans is also a nonher dimension to this crisis. A study conducted by RAND Corporation found that nearly twenty pct of servicemen and women returning from recent wars have some form of mental health condition (RAND, 2008). The estimated societal costs for the veterans based on prevalence and two years of treatment is estimated between $4.0 to 6.2 million. Advocacy Programs Researched in This AreaThe impact of mental illness on overall health and productivity in the US is ofttimes under recognized. There are many reasons for this under recognition mainly the mis collar of the illness itself, lack of resources, stigma, or lack of social support can be cited. The World Health Organization (WHO) in recognition of the need for adequate resources launched a mental health initiative called Mental Health worldwide Action Program (mhGAP) to raise awareness and address a variety unmet needs.Other than WHO, consumer advocacy groups such as the National Alliance for the Mentally grim (NAMI) deserve the credit for the advances made in the treatment of mental illness. The Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Act otherwise known as the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) was sign(a) into fair play in 2008. The main goal of this Act is to eliminate unequal health treatment rehearse that has kept individuals from seeking mental health care for a long time. The way this fairness works it that it does not force group health plans to draw out mental health benefits, however when plans cover mental health, it requires that they get out full and equal benefit in a way that is no to a greater extent regulative than all other medical and surgical procedures covered by the plan. Effective Attributes of the ProgramsMHPAEA has had quite an impact on the population since it went in effect in 2010. For starter, the regulation does not require for employers to buy mental health benefits and employers with less than 50 employees are exempt of this statute. The second important point is that MHPAEA stipulates that any State integrity that provides greater protections than MHPAEA may continue to remain in effect. The last stipulation is great because it stops the Federal law (MHPAEA) from overriding a State law assum ing that it protects its constituents better.Unfortunately some employers have taken MHPAEA as an excuse to drop mental health benefits in its entirety. The Screen Writers Guild was the first employer to announce its decision to drop mental health reportage for its 12000 employees. Some employers followed suit citing rising cost of insurance and burden on employers. NAMI argues cutting mental health benefits has higher cost to employers. According to NAMI most mental illnesses are highly treatable. For example, the most common mental illness in the United States is opinion.The prevalence of depression is estimated to be 1 in 10 individuals of which 75% do not get the diagnosis nor the treatment. 72% are estimated to be in the workforce. NAMI estimates the indirect overtaking to employers amounts to 79 billion per year out of which 63 billion reflect loss of productivity due to mental illness. Mental illness causes more old age of work loss and work impairement than chronic condit ions such as hypertension, diabetes, asthma, arthritis, back pain and heart disease (NAMI, 2012). NAMI also claims that within two weeks of treatment 70 to 90% of individuals with depressions see a significant reduction of symptoms with and improved quality of life therefore it would be wise for employers to provide employees mental health coverage than incur costs for absenteeism. Health Advocacy Plan and Objectives for the constitution ImplementedThe very first step of making a health advocacy plan is to review and understand the existing health plans and be able to establish how they impact on the patients, health care providers and other stakeholders like insurers and the leaders (Jonas & Kovner, 2011). The bordering step is to establish the pros and cons of having such health plans (Jonas & Kovner, 2011). This would then influence a particular advocacy plan and the objectives of the policy. The objectives should take into account the prime position play by politicians in poli cy change (Alberta Heath Services, 2009). To effectively advocate for mental health, one needs to understand what is actually available.The facts are as follows The US Department of Health and Human Services estimates that 47 Million of Americans are uninsured and out of this number 25% of them suffer from mental health or substance abuse disorder or a combination of the two. 1/3 of insured individuals have no coverage of both including outpatient therapy visits and inpatient crisis intervention. indeed there is MHPAEA that exempts small groups therefore individuals insured under small group market may not have mental health coverage (unless the employer chose to provide one). The HHS estimates that about 95 percent of those with small group market coverage have substance abuse and mental health benefits (HHS, 2012). conversation to Various StakeholdersCommunication in the public health sector can be done in several(prenominal) forms including through the mass media, seminars, sch ools, and churches and depending on the situation, place and target group, several methods can be used including posters, speeches, skits and literature among others. As a policy oriented approach, it divides the target audience into primary, secondary and tertiary. The primary target addresses the organizations, groups and people with the reason to effect change. The secondary target is represented by those who can be mobilized to participate in the implementation. The tertiary target is the general public (Alberta Heath Services, 2009). In effect, therefore, mass media as means of advocacy help the organizations and the general public to make better health choices. The approach of communication NAMI took is to involve all collar targets.The tertiary target i.e. the general public has also been the focus of NAMI oddly because of the link between mental illness and substance abuse. Efforts to raise awareness are underway especially in the DC metro area where frequent walks organi zed by NAMI are happening. The aim of NAMI walks is to raise awareness of mental health and well-being in communities and to improve the general understanding of the illness, and reduce the misunderstandings and stigma associated with it. NAMI grows and trains practitioners and patients of the different pathways to recovery. Health practitioners, especially nurses get a larger opportunity to educate about the disease in their area of practice and also be the voices for the patients who do not have a voice. Data and Evidence to Substantiate Proposed studyThe Patient Protection and Affordable caution Act (ACA), which is commonly referred to as the ObamaCare, has become regarded as a historical law ever since it was signed into the law in March 23rd, 2010 by President Obama (American Public Health Association, 2013). ACA built on the structures of MHPAEA to protract coverage of mental health and substance use disorder for more than 62 million Americans in the following three ways 1 .Essential Health BenefitsMental health and substance use disorders exit be part of all individual and small group market non-grandfathered insurance plans (essential health benefits) effective January 1st 2014. non-grandfathered means plans that were not in existence before ACA was signed into law. This statute ensures that at least 5.1 million individuals (3.9 million currently covered in theindividual market and 1.2 covered in small group plans) and will gain either mental health or substance use disorder coverage or both. 2.Parity in the Individual and Small Group Markets beneath the ACA and the MHPAEA 7.1 million Americans currently covered in the individual market who currently have some mental health and substance use disorder benefits will have access to coverage of Essential Health Benefits comparable to their general and surgical medical coverage. 3.Increasing Access to Quality Health CareFinally, the ACA will expand essential health benefits insurance coverage to an esti mated 27 million uninsured Americans through access to insurance market places and CMS. The essential Health Benefits packages includes mental health services In total, the Affordable Care Act will expand federal parity protection to at least 62 million Americans. drill of Attributes of Effective Advocacy Programs to Proposed CampaignAmong many other health-care policies that have proved to be workable, Obamacare turned out to have adequate advantages that can be borrowed and apply in this campaign. Obamacare health policy emphasizes on quality health-care and not quantity. For instance, doctors and other health-care professionals are paid according to the quality of health service they provide (Obama Care Facts, 2013). Obamacare also highlights the importance of non-discrimination in the provision of health services across the entire population, thus ensuring uniformity in its application.One yet another brisk attribute that is also of importance is the reduction of costs for pr eventive health-care options. This ensures that options explored by the general public are not exploitative and overburdening to them (Obama Care Facts, 2013). Obamacare has also been to a greater degree people-driven, as the citizenry have been effective in pushing their political leaders to support the health plan (Obama Care Facts, 2013). It does not take rocket science to know that mental health and substance abuse disorder patients would benefit tremendously from such a program. Impact of animate Laws or RegulationsThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act legislation contained several health reforms provisions that were already being rooted for by a number of health stakeholders including American Public Health Association (APHA) and other population health experts (APHA, 2013). Following the enactment of the Affordable Care Act, there has been a shift from the focus on treatment of the sick to the focus on promoting peoples health (APHA, 2013).The ACA and HP2020 have a common goal which is to urinate social and physical environments that promote health and wellness in all populations. The ACA will be effective in January 2014, so far the program looks very promising and the statute have been found to have very little impact on the employer-based insurance with a projected slight increase (2.7% only), especially with regard to the high end employers. However, there appears to be a decrease for the low end employers (Blumberg et al., 2012) contrary to what the critics of ACA are speculating. Analysis of Methods Used to Influence Policy MakersAccording to Milstead (2013), for nurses to succeed in advocating for the enactment of new and better policies, it is imperative that they strike a working relationship with the government agencies, officers as well as with the elected officials. This way the nurses have the chance to be recognized as having what it takes to effect policies concerning population health issues, and this will thus be included in making decisions concerning population health matters (Milstead, 2013).Establishing such a cordial relationship would be instrumental in helping both parties, namely the nurses and the policy makers to be able to review existing health policies and enact better campaigns (Milstead, 2013). Other than striking a rapport with the political leaders, the nurses should also strive to enhance their understanding of the policy-making process through the nursing internships that were already put in place by the nursing organizations (Milstead, 2013). Anticipated Obstacles and StrategiesAccording to the online article by Alberta Health Services (2009), several challenges abound when it comes to advocating for population health. The leading and most obvious problem lies in the main aim of advocacy, which is to effect legislations that would then lead to changes in policies. This is the case since the policy change is highly a political issue whose process results in public tensions (Alberta He alth Services, 2009). Almost all legislative changes and implementations are funded by the public resources, and, therefore, any suggested changes are often contested (Alberta Health Services, 2009).Further still, these changes often have economic consequences as well. As a result, more often than not population health advocates together with the like-minded politicians and members of the public of good will find themselves at the receiving end on the part of various interest groups who wish to maintain the status quo (Alberta Health Services, 2009). Obamacare, which seeks to provide preventive services also covered in insurance plans and to ascertain that people with insurance covers are not dropped while sick, has for instance, faced several obstacles mainly from the stakeholders in the insurance industry (Obama Care Facts, 2013). Anybody who wishes to conduct a successful advocacy for mental health and substance abuse disorders must be prepared to deal with all these obstacles, e specially given that most insurance companies would be less willing to cover against mental health.View as multi-pages

Communication Opinion Paper

communication Opinion Paper Christine Kendall HCS/320 November 18, 2012 Tralicia Brown Communication Opinion Paper Introduction sound colloquy in wellness c ar is crucial for health c be professionals, the patients and the establishment providing the care. It can mean the difference mingled with life and death. When there is not large conference within the health care industry, medical care exit not be given effectively due to mistakes that will be do when things are not clear.When lives are at stake, effective chat is a must in the health care industry. Effective Communication and its Elements Effective communication involves more than understanding information that is creation conveyed. How a person understands and receives a message are two different things therefore understanding feelings, thoughts, wants, and needs are crucial in effective communication (Cheesebro, OConnor, & Rios, 2010). The success of every relationship whether its individualized or professional r elies on a persons ability to communicate effectively.Becoming a skilled communicator requires learning the elements necessary for effective public speaking, interpersonal relationships, and business relations. The four basic elements of effective communication are sender, receiver, message, and feedback. The first component is the sender/receiver which acts as a transceiver by speaking to someone and receiving nonverbal feedback simultaneously. The message is the idea, thought, feeling, or opinion to be communicated (Cheesebro, OConnor, & Rios, 2010, chap 1).It is great to recognize not only the content of the message, but overly the nonverbal communication that you may be sending as well. Feedback is the receivers response to the message and indicates how the message is seen, heard, and understood, and often how the receiver feels about the message and/or the sender (Cheesebro, OConnor, & Rios, 2010, chap 1). Elements of Effective Communication and Rules of Health Care Communica tion Health communication is the way we seek, process and share health information (du Pre, 2005, pg 8).Health communication is ground on personal goals, skills, culture, situational factors, and being considerate of other peoples feelings (du Pre, 2005). People are influenced greatly by other people and rely on others to help meet their goals. As du Pre (2005) explains health care providers have many goals such as patient health and showing their knowledge. Patients also have many goals when it comes to their health care such as wanting to get better and to be reassured. Whether or not these goals are met is based on effective health communication.Recognizing mutuality and that no one communicates alone has influence on the effectiveness of communication. Being friendly and honest will help others feel comfortable enough to be friendly and honest with you. People who communicate well are sensitive to other peoples feelings and expectations. This includes listening carefully, bein g aware of other cultures and their personal preferences. Another example of effective communication in health is recognizing shared meaning. What an action means depends on the people and the circumstances involved (du Pre, 2005, pg 8). This is usually based on how people respond to each other by smiling, nodding their head, or an angry look. This will let you know how people are responding to your conversation (du Pre, 2005). How to Communicate Candidly Effective interpersonal communication between a patient and a health care provider is one of the most important elements in patient satisfaction, compliance and the outcome of patient health.Despite this acknowledgement of the importance of interpersonal communication, in medical training the subject is not always emphasized. Effective interpersonal communication can lead to the patient offering enough information to lead to a diagnosis, the provider and the node both can talk about an acceptable treatment plan, the client and th e provider are both committed to fulfilling their responsibilities during and after treatment (de Negri, Brown, Hernandez, Rosenbaum, & Roter, 2012).The following steps to effective communication and encouraging the client to communicate candidly include encouraging a two-way dialogue, establishing a partnership between client and consumer, creating a caring atmosphere, bridging any social gaps between provider and client, accounting for social influences, effectively using verbal and non-verbal communication, and allowing the client enough time to tell their story (de Negri, Brown, Hernandez, Rosenbaum, & Roter, 2012). Cultural Differences and CommunicationExcellent cultural communication skills are beneficial to relationships with colleagues, clients, and customers and improve business performance. If challenges and opportunities are handled well when working with people from different cultural backgrounds, they can increase productivity, improve performance, innovation, and progr ess (Kaplan & Cunningham, 2010). There are a few tips when conversing with someone from a different culture which can increase your chances for being understood. These are Know yourself and your own cultural Context.Read also Advice About CommunicationThink about how your culture context impacts your communication style. Know your audience. Some cultures are more direct than others, speaking less verbally and rely more on nonverbal communication. Yes does not always mean yes. Respect side of meat language barriers. When speaking to someone who does not speak English there are tips to make sure that you are being understood. These tips include speak slower, avoid the use of slang words, take breaks in the conversation and have ont surprise people.Respect your audience and do not judge. Try looking at situations with different cultures as different not right or wrong. contain questions to make sure they understand. (Kaplan & Cunningham, 2010). Conclusion Due to the fact that when t here is not enough communication within the health care industry, medical care will not be given effectively, it is crucial for health care professionals to learn the skills necessary for effective communication. It can mean the difference between life and death.

Knowledge acquisition Essay

Jegrins Insurance Company is one of the largest insurance companies. Jegrins Company is a group of six different companies that deal with brio insurance, property insurance, insurance exchange, property insurance and caution. Jerkins Insurance Company is one of the largest casualty or property insurers and has so many policies. It deals with life insurance, asset counselling and casualty and property Insurance. Insurance companies have to fight back a warlike advantage in order to ensure ripening.Jergins is one of those insurance companies that need to watch a competitive advantage. The ships conjunction has a very(prenominal) stable financial condition, works towards superior targets thence attains the aim of providing superior function. The employees of Jegrins Insurance Company argon a very committed group who work towards the success of the association and ensure that the order grows. Jegrins Company has policy holders too that alship canal set particular(preno minal) targets to be met by the company.They either set long precondition targets or short term targets depending on what they want to accomplish, agents of the company work hard in order non only to meet these targets but in like manner to exceed them as a challenge to their policy holders. This company uses all these to ensure growth in the market as well as maintaining a competitive advantage. The company uses the capitalisations risk adjustment as one of the ways of ensuring growth. It has a unique solid operating performance system as well, that it makes use of and views this as very important in the growth of the company.An otherwise frame in place for the Jegrins Insurance Company is the availability of the regional market that is well established. The advantage of the regional market, the employees attitude towards working hard, the adjustment of risk capitalization and the policies of the company that have to be met, place the company in a very high class among other in surance companies and enables it maintain a competitive advantage apart from just company growth. There are other factors that contribute to the growth hence high rating of the Jegrins Insurance Company.These are factors such as improvements on technology which has enabled the company growth on performance and service offering, low operating costs, a solid income investment, an increased sophistication on pricing and a well organized and well mannered underwriting. Jegrins Company cannot only depend on the already mentioned factors to be successful and to maintain a competitive advantage. It has to look for noesis and how to manage it for the benefit of the company. The company therefore tried to change or implement ways of getting familiarity which it cognise was a very important factor in maintaining competitive advantage.The company realized that by gaining acquaintance from outside closely other companies or competitors, it would be better placed, and apart from that, inte rnal intimacy was noticed as essential for the general growth of the company. The company carriage therefore decided to implement noesis strategies to use for the companies benefit and be well informed closely competitive advantage issues. The knowledge strategy of a company is the approach the company gives to the knowledge capabilities and knowledge resources to the companys strategy in order to achieve what the company targets are.A knowledge strategy enables the company to increase its knowledge in a specified area be it internal or remote knowledge of a company. Companies choose from the knowledge sources which are either internal or external or can choose to use both. Jegrins Company decided on a knowledge strategy that uses both the internal knowledge sources and the external knowledge sources. Jegrins company internal knowledge sources are those that the employees have in their minds, that is, in their behaviors, the duties and procedures they conduct everyday, the comp any equipments and the soft eat up of the company that they handle.Jegrins internal knowledge sources also lay in the various documents that the company has, the databases and the on line repositories. The external knowledge sources that Jegrins decided to use are such as consultants, from brokers of knowledge, universities, publications, personal transaction and from professional associations. Jegrins company manager found out that internal knowledge source could be used to prevent imitation by other companies and to maintain the required direct of knowledge requirement for executing the companys strategy and maintaining its current position.The manager then decided to go to an extent of feel for external knowledge sources to avoid being beaten by competitors since competitors too have knowledge levels. The company has to ensure the gap between the competitors level of knowledge is closed down to ensure it is not down and cannot be out done at any time. Jegrins also creates new knowledge to keep in pace and to maintain a competitive advantage position. This extra knowledge, the manager feels is very important since the company will be better placed that the other companies. The company exploits knowledge to keep pace by looking for more study that is relevant.Jegrins insurance Company Internal knowledge management and knowledge eruditeness Without a knowledge strategy, the success of a company can be jeopardized. The company has since implemented a strategy of knowledge acquisition. This strategy has various processes that the company follows. The knowledge of the company since it was initiated was made uncommitted to the company employees for them to get to know more about the company. In knowledge management, employees are very important. Jegrins encourages its employees to get the information about the company and perform there duties on the basis of knowledge that they have gained.Internal knowledge is base on the employee knowledge, about their ex periences, the soft ware in the company and other company documents. Since the company already had these, it was easy for the manager to go with this step of knowledge acquisition because the employees already had knowledge about the company, the software and had experiences in vast areas of the company. On the basis that this is a large company that provides services to other members and has so many policies, Jegrins has a curing to be termed as internal knowledge.It is therefore an important task to take a long term plan to ensure knowledge acquisition is not stopped after a short time but is continued over a long period of time. Jegrins made this decision just based on the nature of the business or company that does not go for days then close down. The manager decided on long term plans to avoid failure during operations in the future. Apart from the company knowledge that was readily available, the manager still implemented ways to encourage the employees to share the experien ces they had and other organizational issues as a way to improve the companys operational system.By this he encouraged learning through experience hence acquiring more useful knowledge to what his targets of the company are knowledge. External sources of knowledge Jegrins acquires knowledge too from the external environment as has been stated. It gets information from consultants about the companys operation steps whenever the manager feels there is a point where consultation is required. The company has evolved to an extent of looking at the other companys successful methods and learning about them for the benefit of the company and to bridge the gap between the competitor and the company itself.When the company manager does this, he realizes that the other companies do not have more knowledge than the company does, and therefore are at almost the same level of knowledge and not remaining out yet the company still ranks above the competitors. This he realizes is important in maint aining a competitive advantage since knowledge about other companies is available to him and he knows the steps to make to avoid problems or going down the competitive advantage. The manager also involves the company in looking for information about the environment to which the company operates apart from the competitors information.The market is very important to the management of the company since the basis of the company being set up is to provide services to a specified market. Jegrins manager encourages research on the market for the advantage of the company. This though has been the company norm even before the manager decided on taking to knowledge strategy since it offered a lot of information about the steps to be followed for the success of the company. The manager realized that there was need for a strategy or method to be used to acquire just more information relevant for development.This kind of information gaining was meant for the purpose of just keeping in pace with others or being ahead of them which would be to the advantage of the company. The company therefore looked for external sources of information from universities, publications about the successful insurance companies, and other related information professional sources. Jegrins Information distribution The manager of Jegrins Insurance Company adopted a system in the company that stored valuable information in an order that could be easily retrieved for reference.He also adopted the system of allowing information to be shared among the employees depending on the ranks and area of work so that when an employee does not accept an issue, he/she can explain it to others, discussed and a conclusion made. All these steps the manager considers as a good knowledge management strategy that has shown great success to the company after implementation. After knowledge acquisition, distribution, interpretation and general storage, the companys knowledge management can be discussed.The manager so f ar has used this strategy to manage the company knowledge and is able to realize some bit by bit improvements from the prior level in which the company was before. The company though was at a high level, the manager had intentions of improvement and not just sticking to one level forever that may fall down in one time. The manager decided therefore to implement the knowledge management strategy to improve company performance and maintain competitive advantage.In all the knowledge management procedures, the manager had to take time to make sure that strategic knowledge cornerstone is correctly done. He had to make the short term decisions in some cases and long term decision in others to make sure that there is a balance. This is because in some cases like the maintenance of the competitive advantage by the company, the manager had to decide on long term strategy since the future of the company has to be considered. After implementing a knowledge management strategy, the company ha s come to realize that knowledge is the key issue in the basis of competition.The company is invariably aware of any competitor steps that are relevant for the company in order not to be beaten by the competitor. Additional knowledge places the company at a higher class since more improvements have been made based on the acquired knowledge. Internal knowledge proved to be very advantageous to the company since it made the employees share the ideas out of the strategy that the manager created that allowed them to share ideas on the companies operations and make corrections and improvements where it was necessary.The result of these steps by the manager was tremendous, easy maintenance of the competitive advantage, noticeable growth, and increased class when compared to other companies and just being informed in terms of knowledge. It was success for Jegrins. Jegrins manager feels that knowledge strategies that suit respective companies are one of the ways to maintain competitive adv antage in insurance companies since knowledge is the basis of competition and improvement. match to Jegrins manager, when the company has knowledge from the external environment, there are very high chances of improvement and maintaining a competitive advantage. Internal knowledge also contributes to the improvement and competitive advantage too since the main subject here is the employees and the employees have a big role to play in the company. They are the one who run it through their routine duties and experiences.

Analysis of the Nature and Culture Division

The advances in the registering of nature in wrong of scientific cognition has been tremendous especially since the mid-1950s with the discovery of the DNA structure, which precipitated more(prenominal) advances in molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry. However, in the end of the 20th century until now, our modern society has seen more and more digs about how nature has been altered and/or destroyed by our progress in technology, in particular biotechnology.Yet, one may wonder if the debate over technological progress postulateing nature or more specifically, natural laws that govern our existence, does reflect a pagan bias in the ecumenic comprehension of technological progress in our society. Consequently, three questions may be asked to completely analyze the problem. First, is there a nature/culture problem to be discussed? Second, if there is, how has it affected our worldwide society with respect to a cultural substitute caused by particular developments in ac quaintance and technology and when? If there is a global effect, is there a tangible effect on our personal life? This paper go out deal with each of these questions.The amazing characteristics that hu bits possess, is to retard from previous generations, to improve upon their work, and to establish a momentum to human life and culture that has taken our civilization from cave art to quantum physics, and into the space age. In addition, otherwise scientific advances bring about technological progress in our direct environment and society, more so than being in space. Even more so has biotechnology been altering the nature of our humanity, not only in terms of programmed physical changes based on scientific discoveries, but also in terms of environmental changes.Unfortunately, peoples understanding of what science is capable of either to benefit our society or destroy it, has been undermined since the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth century. How do we know that? Simply con sider the history of our society until now with the debate over cloning and stem-cell research that have come under eject in our western part of the foundation. In both cases, a further variableness has taken place within the world scientific community. Some countries entrust the research whereas others do not. Consequently, what keep we draw from this chiasm, is it due to a cultural difference? If it is, then do we really understand what the meaning of culture is? If we do, can we reconcile differences?Raymond Williams tells us that there is a great difficulty in even defining the concept of culture. (Williams, ) Is it a division of the whole into parts (the individual) homogeneous Latour claims or a whole global entity like Tarde thinks? (Latour, Social in Question) Furthermore, Williams is not even sure himself of what nature really means. On page 78, he does tell us that there is a general confusion or disparity of what different people mean by nature. Is it either the nat ure of man (biology), the natural nature of our environment, or both? Latour seems to agree with Williams that there is a problem of defining the context of nature and culture. Latour uses the illustration of one simple payoff like using an aerosol can after which people be taken on a journey to Antarctica, to touring scientific labs across the world, and the chemistry of hibernating(a) gases. (p. 2 Crisis) (Latour, )This implies that the complexity of the division is based not only on the science of the natural environment, but also first on how people are affected by the effects of the ozone problem, and second how different people or the world as a single cultural phenomenon perceive the problem. The conclusion is that the division exists but its very existence is very confusing to any person from any part of the world or the whole world, perhaps minus the scientists. Rabinows expose supports this idea of confusion when she claims using Michel Foucaults and Gilles Deleuzes arg uments that there has been a shift caused by this division, particularly on how we as a species insure ourselves and our environment. Specifically, on p. 91, she statesIn the modern form, finitude establishes a field of life, labor, and languagewithin which Man appears as a distinctive being who is both the substance and object of his own understanding, but an understanding that is never complete because of its very structure. (Rabinow, )Toxen is convinced that this magnitude of this shift has actually been more like a regeneration with respect to science and technology in our society. (Toxen, 1983) On p.1, he emphasizes that there is a total reshaping of industries, companies, universities, and laboratories to sustain the present mode of production. He adds that the cause of this shift seems to be linked to a push for biotechnological advances, especially in our time (he wrote this article in 1983).So, how do this shift and the nature/culture division affect our own existence? C allon speaks of auto engineers in France becoming sociologists in order to manufacture the first electric car. As a consequence, engineers define what society will be like and how it will be changed because of the introduction of such a new mode of transportation. Their resulting conclusions motivate their work while reshaping our ideas or shall we say our cultural acceptance. (Callon, ) In the same vein, biotechnology has been hailed as the only way to remedy problems that our society faces. For example, Lappe and Collins cite the example of how biotechnology is supposed to solve world hunger but people are starving more than ever. (Lappe-Collins, )An illustration of this idea is cited by Pollan with Monsanto genetically engineering a bug-killer potato that may be hazardous to our health so we would not be able to eat it anyway (Pollan, ). In the context of ecology, Schwartz and Thompson speak of Nature benign gives us global equilibrium. (Schwartz, Thompson, 1990) This idea implie s that science and technology cannot help the way that is propounded. The reason is simple there is not enough comprehension of us as individuals and as a civilization (culture) to solve the mostly self-inflicted obstacles encountered with our nature as a species as well as our environment (nature).In conclusion, there is a real doubt whether science and technology can help our society. Since there is a fuzzy picture of how we understand the division between culture and nature, science and technology cannot claim that they understand what shapes our society for the better while they certainly do not understand how they can shape society for the worst.ReferencesCallon, ?. (Year?). Engineers as sociologists. Publication? 210- 216.Lappe, ?, Collins, ?. (Year?). World hunger cardinal myths. Publication? 48-66.Latour, B. Joyce, P. (editor). (Year?). The social in question. New bearings on history and the Social Sciences. London Routledge. (year?). Crisis. Publication? 2-12.Pollan, M. (d ate and year?). Playing God in my garden. The New York Times. 1-12.Rabinow, P. (Year?) Artificiality and understanding from sociobiology to biosociality. Publication? 91-110.Schwartz, M., Thompson, M. (1990). Divided we stand redefining politics, technology, and social choice. London Harvester & Wheatsheaf.Toxen, L. (1983). The life industry in gene business who should control biotechnology? London railroad tie Books.Williams, R. (Year?). Title? Publication? 68-84.