Jacques-Louis David’s “Death of Marat” (1793) Essay

Jacques-Louis David studied painting in Rome where he was able to absorb the classical sprit of Ancient Rome (Fleming, 1995, p. 496). He was influenced by Enlightenment philosophers such as Diderot, and from them, he developed the idea that paintings should have a message that points to political and/or social action (Fleming, 1995, p. 496). A member of the bourgeoisie, David was personally involved in many Revolutionary events: he organized a festival of the people (July 14, 1790), designed propaganda materials for the Jacobins, voted in support of Louis XVI’s execution, and signed execution orders for over 300 people (Boston College, 2006). David, then, was uniquely positioned to combine ancient values, Enlightenment thought, and revolutionary principles in his paintings. The interest in classical values in the late 18th century arose from two sources: the discovery of Herculaneum and Pompeii and the rise in popularity of revolutionary ideals. In particular, the Roman Republic was seen to embody a spirit of courage, freedom, and opposition to autocracy that resonated with 18th century revolutionaries in France and the United States (Anonymous, n. d. ) For artists, these neo-classical ideas came in the guise of searching for new subject-matter. Previously, most artists painted religious, mythological, or allegorical scenes (Anonymous, n. d. ). In terms of subject matter, David’s â€Å"The Death of Marat† is neo-classical in the sense that scene is neither religious, nor mythological, nor allegorical in nature. In fact, the subject is a contemporaneous figure – Jean-Paul Marat. The choice of Marat confirms to the revolutionary ideals associated with neo-classicism in that Marat was a prominent leader of the French Revolution who was killed by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposition (Anonymous, n. d. ). David’s sympathies clearly lie with the Revolution, as he portrayed Marat as a martyr (Anonymous, n. d. ). Marat’s position in the bath tub, surrounded by materials needed for work (paper, quill, ink) requires some explanation. As he suffered from a skin disease, Marat spent many hours working in his bath (Boston College, 2006). David painted the painting shortly after Marat’s murder on July 13, 1793. Originally asked by the Convention to paint Marat’s portrait at the time of his death, David chose to present an idealized portrait of the man, rather than an authentic depiction of the rapidly decomposing body (Boston College, 2006). David was overcome with emotion upon this request from the Convention, as Marat had been his close friend and ally (Annenberg, n. d. ). This painting functions almost like a detective novel: all of the clues needed to solve the case are present in the picture. Marat’s wounds figure prominently, there is a bloody knife on the floor, and the paper in Marat’s left hand is a letter his murderer gave to him just before she stabbed him (Annenberg, n. d. ). Though I did not know the background behind the portrait, I was immediately drawn to this painting because of the serene, yet pained, look on the subject’s face. I was intrigued by the fact that the subject appears at first glance to be taking a rest from his work. It is only when I noticed the red color that I realized that the subject was bleeding. The red blotches on the paper in the subject’s left hand seem to indicate that he placed this hand over his wounds before retaking his paper. This color sharply contrasts with the white bath cloths. The knife seems to be an afterthought, tossed aside by the murderer. Without knowing the particulars behind the painting, the viewer is left with many unanswered questions. Who is this Marat that is mentioned on the table by the bath and whose name appears on the sheet of paper in the subject’s left hand? In short, this painting sparked my curiosity to learn more about the incredible story behind the painting. Image: ? References Annenberg Media (n. d. ). Art of the Western World: An Age of Reason, An Age of Passion. Retrieved on May 11, 2010 from http://www. learner. org/vod/vod_window. html? pid=233. Anonymous (n. d. ). Lecture: Enlightenment and the Romantic Era. Retrieved on May 11, 2010 from http://www. stockton. edu/~fergusoc/romantic/romantic. htm Boston College (2006). Jacques-Louis David: The Death of Marat. Retrieved May 11, 2010 from http://www. bc. edu/bc_org/avp/cas/his/CoreArt/art/neocl_dav_marat. html Fleming, W. (1995). Arts & Ideas. Ninth edition. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

Rainy season

The wet season, monsoon season or rainy season is the time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfalloccurs. It usually lasts one or more months. The term â€Å"green season† is also sometimes used as aeuphemlsm by tourist authorities. Areas with wet seasons are dispersed across portions of the tropics andsubtropics. under the K ¶ppen climate classification, fo In contrast to areas with savannaclimates and monsoon reglmes,medlterranean climates have wet winters and dry summers.Tropical rainforests technically do not have dry or wet seasons, since their ainfall is equally distributed throughout the year. Some areas with pronounced rainy seasons will see a break in rainfall mld-season, when the Intertroplcal convergence zone or monsoon trough moves poleward of their location during the middle of the warm season. When the wet season occurs during a warm season, or summer, precipitation falls mainly during the late afternoon and early evening hours.The wet season is a time when air qualityimproves, freshwater quality improves, and vegetation grows substantially, leading to crop yields late in the season. Floods cause rivers to overflow their banks, and some animals to retreat to higher ground. Soil nutrients diminish and erosion increases. The incidence of malaria increases in areas where the rainy season coincides with high temperatures. Animals have adaptation and survival strategies for the wetter regime.Character of rainfall: In areas where the heavy rainfall is associated with a wind shift, the wet season becomes known as the monsoon. [7] Since rainfall during the wet season is predominantly due to daytime heating which leads to diurnal thunderstorm activity ithin a pre-existing moist airmass, rainfall is mainly focused during the late afternoon and early evening hours within savannah and monsoon regimes.This also leads to much of the total rainfall each day falling during the initial minutes of the downpour,[6] before the storms mature i nto their stratiform stage. [8] While most locations have only one wet season, areas of the tropics can experience two wet seasons as the monsoon trough, or Intertropical Convergence Zone, can pass over locations in the tropics twice per year. Since rain forests have equitable rainfall throughout the year. hey do not technically have a wet seasom The situation Is different for locations within the Mediterranean climate regime.In the western United States, during the cold season from September through May, extratropical cyclones from the Pacific ocean move Inland Into the region due to a southward migration of the Jet stream during the cold season. This shift in the Jet stream brings much of the annual precipitation to the and also brings the potential for heavy rain and strong low pressure systems. [10] The peninsula of Italy experiences very similar weather to the western United States in this regard. Areas affected Areas with a savanna climate In Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Ghana, Burkina [1 3] 5] and Botswana have a distinct rainy season. 1 7] Also within the savannah climate regime, Florida and East Texas have a rainy Monsoon regions include southeast Asla(lnclualng Inaonesla ana nortnern sectlons 0T Australla's Nortn, [21] Polynesia,[22] Central America,[23] western and southernMexico,[24] the Desert Southwest of the United States, southernGuyana, portions of northeast Brazil. Northern Guyana experiences two wet seasons: one in late spring and the other in early winter. 25] In western Africa, there are two rainy seasons across southern sections with only one across the north. 27] Within the Mediterranean climate regime, the west coast of the United States and theMediterranean coastline of Italy, Greece,[28] and Turkey experience a wet season in the winter months. [29] Similarly, the wet season in the Negev desert of Israel extends from October through May. [30] At the boundary between the Mediterranean and monsoon climates lies the Sonoran desert, which r eceives the two rainy seasons associated with each climate regime. [31] The wet season is known by many different local names hroughout the world. For example, the wet season period of the year in Mexico is known as storm season.Effects In tropical areas, when the monsoon arrives daytime high temperatures drop and overnight low temperatures increase. [32] During the wet season, a combination of heavy rainfall and in some areas, such as Hong Kong, a wind more off the ocean, significantly improve air quality. [33] In Brazil, the wet season is correlated to weaker trade winds off the ocean. [26] The pH level of water becomes more balanced due to the charging of local aquifers during the wet season. Rainy Season The wet season, monsoon season or rainy season is the time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfalloccurs. It usually lasts one or more months. The term â€Å"green season† is also sometimes used as aeuphemism by tourist authorities. Areas with wet seasons are dispersed across portions of the tropics andsubtropics. Under the Koppen climate classification, fo In contrast to areas with savannaclimates and monsoon regimes,mediterranean climates have wet winters and dry summers.Tropical rainforests technically do not have dry or wet seasons, since their rainfall is equally distributed throughout the year. Some areas with pronounced rainy seasons will see a break in rainfall mid-season, when the intertropical convergence zone or monsoon trough moves poleward of their location during the middle of the warm season. When the wet season occurs during a warm season, or summer, precipitation falls mainly during the late afternoon and early evening hours.The wet season is a time when air qualityimproves, freshwater quality improves, and vegetation grows substantially, leading to crop yields late in the season. Floods cause rivers to overflow their banks, and some animals to retreat to higher ground. Soil nutrients diminish and erosion increases. The incidence of malaria increases in areas where the rainy season coincides with high temperatures. Animals have adaptation and survival strategies for the wetter regime.Character of rainfallIn areas where the heavy rainfall is associated with a wind shift, the wet season becomes known as the monsoon. Since rainfall during the wet season is predominantly due to daytime heating which leads to diurnal thunderstorm activity within a pre-existing moist airmass, rainfall is mainly focused during the late afternoon and early evening hours within savannah and monsoon regimes. This also leads to much of the total rainfall each day falling during the initial minutes of the downpour, before the storms mature into their stratiform stage.While most locations have only one wet season, areas of the tropics can experience two wet seasons as the monsoon trough, or Intertropical Convergence Zone, can pass over locations in the tropics twice per year. Since rain forests have equitable rainfall throughout the year, they do not technically have a wet season. The situation is different for locations within the Mediterranean climate regime.In the western United States, during the cold season from September through May, extratropical cyclones from the Pacific ocean move inland into the region due to a southward migration of the jet stream during the cold season. This shift in the jet stream brings much of the annual precipitation to the region, and also brings the potential for heavy rain and strong low pressure systems. The peninsula of Italy experiences very similar weather to the western United States in this regard.Areas affectedAreas with a savanna climate in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Ghana, Burkina Fa so, Darfur, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Botswana have a distinct rainy season. Also within the savannah climate regime, Florida and East Texas have a rainy season.   Monsoon regions include southeast Asia(including Indonesia and Philippines), northern sections of Australia's North, Polynesia, Central America, western and southernMexico, the Desert Southwest of the United States, southernGuyana, portions of northeast Brazil. Northern Guyana experiences two wet seasons: one in late spring and the other in early winter.In western Africa, there are two rainy seasons across southern sections with only one across the north. Within the Mediterranean climate regime, the west coast of the United States and theMediterranean coastline of Italy, Greece, and Turkey experience a wet season in the winter months. Similarly, the wet season in the Negev desert of Israel extends from October through May. At the boundary between the Mediterranean and monsoon climates lies the Sonoran desert, which receive s the two rainy seasons associated with each climate regime.The wet season is known by many different local names throughout the world. For example, the wet season period of the year in Mexico is known as storm season. Effects In tropical areas, when the monsoon arrives daytime high temperatures drop and overnight low temperatures increase. During the wet season, a combination of heavy rainfall and in some areas, such as Hong Kong, a wind more off the ocean, significantly improve air quality. In Brazil, the wet season is correlated to weaker trade winds off the ocean. The pH level of water becomes more balanced due to the charging of local aquifers during the wet season.Water also softens, as dissolved materials lower in concentration during the rainy season. Erosion is also increased during rainy periods. Arroyosthat are dry at other times of the year fill with runoff, in some cases with water as deep as 10 feet (3. 0 m).   Leaching of soils during periods of heavy rainfall deple tes nutrients.   The excessive runoff from land masses significantly impacts nearby ocean areas, which are more stratified, or less mixed, due to stronger surface currents forced by the heavy rainfall runoff.FloodsWidespread flooding can occur if rainfall becomes excessive, which can lead to landslides and mudflows in mountainous areas. Such floods cause rivers to leave their banks and homes to go underwater. Floods can be exacerbated by fires during the previous dry season, which cause soils which are sandy or composed of loam to become hydrophobic, or repellent of water.There are various ways government organizations help their residents deal with wet season floods. Flood plain mapping is conducted, which helps diagnose what areas are more prone to flooding. Instructions on how to control erosion through outreach is also done via telephone or the internet.HumansThe wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the Savanna climate regime. However, this also means that wet season is a time for food shortages before crops reach their full maturity. This causes seasonal weight changes for people in developing countries, with a drop occurring during the wet season until the time of the first harvest, when weights rebound. Malaria incidence increases during periods of high temperature and heavy rainfall. Animals Cows calve, or give birth, at the beginning of the beor wet season[clarify].The onset of the rainy season signals the departure of the Monarch butterflyfrom Mexico. Tropical species of butterflies show larger dot markings on their wings to fend off possible predators and are more active during the wet season than the dry season. Within the tropics and warmer areas of the subtropics, decreased salinity of near shore wetlands due to the rains causes an increase in crocodile nesting. Other species, such as the arroyo toad, spawn within the couple of months after the seasonal rains. Armadillosand rattlesnakes seek higher ground.

Facebook Porter’s Five

Porter’s five forces analysis has become a pervasively adopted framework for industry analysis, which can be used to examine the competitive intensity and attractiveness of a market or a company. The social networking companies gradually come into the spotlight of the business world in recent years, which was especially featured by the significant event of Facebook’s IPO on May 18, 2012. In such circumstances, it will be extremely interesting to apply the five forces analysis to gauge this giant and even unfold some hints that why this star company has been struggling in the stock market since it went public.Although it has been a tough time period for Mark Zuckerberg, the more transparency and disclosure of the company’s financial as well as operational information available for the capital market provide us much more useful resources to put Facebook under our microscope of five forces analysis. The Bargaining Power of Customers (Strong) With regard to customer aspect, it might be taken for granted that we are referring to billions of active users on this website.But when we look further into this company and its product, the surprising truth is that the users and their personal information are actually the product rather than the customer, at least from the financial standpoint. Advertising composes 84% of the company’s total revenue, which was $1. 18 billion for the second quarter of 2012 according to its official financial reports. Then we found out that the advertisers are Facebook’s real customers, and what confronts this company is a fiercely competitive market.Although Facebook declared that 70% of its advertising campaigns resulted in a return on ad spend of 3x or better, and 49% of campaigns showed 5x or better, Facebook adverting is still generally undervalued by the marketers given the factor of being the last ad viewed or clicked before a conversion outweighs all other criteria, and Facebook advertising usually co mes into play earlier in the conversion funnel. In addition to the low cost to switch to other advertising media, there’s no wonder that the advertisers have gained relatively strong, if not dominant, bargain power with continuously debating the value of Facebook advertising.The Bargaining Power of Suppliers(Medium) Compared to the customers’ bargain power, Facebook is standing at a regnant position with thousands of common-sense suppliers playing in its arena. It may be noticed that I use common-sense to categorize such kinds of suppliers providing hardware, software, and services Facebook need to run their business, like Zynga. On the other side, it might be interesting to scrutinize another set of suppliers in terms of Facebook’s product, that is, the users of the website.Yes, those are the users who establish their social network and feed in their personal information, which make up of Facebook’s product and determine its success. In accordance with F acebook’s operational highlights of second quarter 2012, monthly active users on its website have notched 955 million as of June 30, 2012, which was an increase of 29% year-over-year. But taking the whole social networking market and even the internet into consideration, it will be difficult for Facebook to maintain such steady increase of its user base.Actually, the increase pace has gradually slowed down in recent quarters, observed by multiple sources. Additionally, the users with more education and experience have been reluctant to share excessive personal information on the website to protect privacy and prevent from possible solicitation. After all, Facebook still serves as the mostly visited social networking website and is therefore in demand of diversified supplies, so we could regard the bargaining power of suppliers as medium level. The Threat of Established Rivals(Strong)As discussed, the social networking companies are facing a fully competitive market. Besides F acebook, there are several other main players, including LinkedIn, Google, Yammer, Myspace, etc, as well as hundreds of small websites focusing on specific segment or providing general social networking services. For example, LinkedIn has built up a professional network into a can’t-miss destination with millions of member professional. The year-over-year revenue growth for LinkedIn was very remarkable at over 80% for the last two years, and it has continued to see strong revenue growth beating analyst estimates.LinkedIn has shown an even more robust business model compared with Facebook. Rather than solely relaying on advertising income, LinkedIn also has considerable revenue from job postings and subscriptions, which help the company to grow its revenue at a notable rate and avoid stagnancy. In this sense, Facebook may have more struggles to improve its user experience and spur revenue growth especially compared with its competitors, and the threat of established rivals is absolutely strong. The Threat of New Entrants(Strong)For new entrants to social networking market, the technical barriers are barely insignificant and Facebook’s most advantage might be its current huge user base. But such advantage is also easy to be mimicked by other Internet giants who already have stable visitor stickiness like Google. Google launched its social networking and identity service, Google+, in June 2011. As of September 2012, it already has a total of 400 million registered users of whom 100 million are active on a monthly basis.Instead of presenting as a social player consisting of not just a single site, Google has been able to provide an overarching layer integrating many of its current online properties. Illustrated by Google’s story, the threat of new entrants to social networking market for Facebook is quite strong and even thrilling if we recall the ever-changing world of internet business. The Threat of Substitute Products(Weak) Finally, the th reat of substitute products to social network website including Facebook is not obvious yet.Facebook’s current user base still shows a strong stickiness and its continuous innovation also help it satisfy the user’s social networking needs well. But considering Facebook is essentially a social network that allows users to stay in touch with their friends, there are so many products or services could potentially address it. Especially if we observed the booming market of mobile networks, services like Buzzd, Twango and Dada may grow up to be a real threat in the near future. Overall, the threat of substitute products is medium based on the analysis above.

The topic can be proposed by the writer Assignment - 14

The topic can be proposed by the writer - Assignment Example Suzy Harbison presented the case before the court with an argument that the property transferred to David was done so at a price less than their market value. This implied that Bonnie Strickland had breached her fiduciary duty in accordance with the Alabama limited liability company act. Rule Statement: In accordance with Act 1993, No. 93-724, p. 1425, Â §20 of the Alabama limited liability act, the court analyzed the liability of a manager of a company in relation to her liability to the third party and determined that Bonnie Strickland did not breach her fiduciary duty to the company. This is because the company was not formed with the intention of making profit. Additionally, interpretation of the intent of the operating agreement revealed that the limited liability company was formed for distribution of the assets of the defendants and her husband. Conclusion statement: Fiduciary duty is a legal and ethical relationship that requires one party to take care of the assets and financial property of another party. In the case presented above, Bonnie Strickland is the holder of the fiduciary duty towards the Strickland limited liability company. Nevertheless, despite holding fiduciary duty in a company, the law under the Alabama limited company act gives provision for designing the company’s formation agreement that give options for the fiduciary holder not to act according to the interest of the company, but in accordance with the interest of the party that is within the confinements of the law (Kaufman,

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 58

Essay Example They were strong dogs tamed for freighting purposes. More so, these dogs have strong endurance and enthusiasm. Alaskan malamutes are friendly, devoted companion, loyal and affectionate that is jovial, playful yet dignified. Natural selection implies that the species that survive and reproduce are the ancestors to the next generation of the specie. Those animals that fails to reproduce, die and will not survive or continue to exist. Therefore, natural selection means nature selects which specie survive in the sense that if their adaptation to the environment helps them to survive since they are able to pass their genes to their offspring’s, but if they cannot fully adapt, they die and get extinct (Darwin 65-6). Scientists state that the first group of beetles appeared during Jurassic era. During this time, major groups of dinosaurs appeared too. Beetles are good adaptors to new environment by changing their lifestyle and feeding habits when acquiring new environment. Beetles managed to survive because they are herbivores. Because the environment cannot support unlimited growth of beetles, not beetles in the forest tend to survive and reproduce to their full capabilities. In this context, the green beetles tend to survive and reproduce because they camouflage and not easily seen by birds but the brown ones are easily seen and eaten by birds thus they reproduce less and hence wiped out. Protein synthesis is the production of protein molecules in accordance with DNA sequences. Protein synthesis takes place many as required. Contrary, DNA replication is the process of DNA copying itself. DNA replication takes place only once in cell generation during the S phase of the cell cycle (Baldi 70). After RNA has delivered the amino acids to increasing polypeptide chain, it leaves the ribosome, goes back to cytoplasm and takes another amino acid. As the ribosome

The subprime meltdown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The subprime meltdown - Essay Example Automated systems allowed people to go online, apply for a housing loan and simply wait for the cheque to come in. Wall Street greedily provided the money for these loans as investors rushed to pick up shares in hedge funds that were supposed to give a high level of return with a high level of risk. The loans that were given out often required no down payments and could also have needed nothing more than interest payments for a year or more before the principal payments would be added to the bill. Effectively, what was considered a niche product only to be given out after careful scrutiny, became a mainstream product for banks and lending institutes (Browning, 2007). The subprime housing loan market was thus seen as virgin territory where banks needed to make inroads before the competition. They expected to get great returns but their investment risks were greatly underestimated. In fact, in some cases the risks appear to have been ignored while the search for short term profits and sales figures come out as the only important needs of the banks. The situation has taken the American economy to a place where experts are calling it the â€Å"worst financial crisis since the Great Depression (Essen, 2008, Pg. 1)†. In some ways, the problems in the current crisis can also be due to the very structure and nature of the American market and the American business environment. The buyers and sellers on Wall Street seem to respond to short term gains and short term results much better than looking at how stable the business practices of a company really are. This makes analysts such as Clendenning (2008) to say that American banks and other lending institutions with a ‘casino mentality’ while they were taking unnecessary risks. Even if the banks understood the risks involved, the lure of the rewards was simply too great for them to ignore. The crisis itself

Karl Donitz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Karl Donitz - Essay Example This strategy required the conversion of German fleet to U-boats. Despite opposition from the other senior naval officers, Donitz went ahead to train his crew on his innovation. When the war begun, the German Navy was under the leadership of Donitz. This navy commander was very instrumental in the war because he mobilized his troop to conquer the British merchant ships during the War. At this time, the Germany navy was not prepared for war since it was anticipating that the war would begin in 1945. This unpreparedness resulted from the focus on German Navy's extensive "Z Plan" which was due for completion in 1945. When the war broke out, there was no choice for Germany but the use submarine warfare because it was the only naval option that was already prepared 1. Thesis statement Karl Donitz, a German Naval Commander served as a vital object in persuading the military organization to adopt an innovation based on the submarine in order to conquer the colonial rule during the inter-war period and the World War II. By November 1937, Donitz had a realistic vision of German’s success against its enemies. By this time, he was convinced that it was practical to launch a good campaign against merchant shipping. From this point on, Donitz begun to push for the conversion of the German fleet to U-boats to the greatest and most significant extend possible2. He also revived the idea of creating wolf-packs out of the entire German fleet. His influence was effective owing to his position in the navy. Since January 1938, he served as Commodore and Commander of Submarines. Many chief army commanders including Erich Raeder, the naval leader strongly opposed Donitz. There was also competition from people like Herman Goring who received much attention during this time. Despite the existing controversy with Raeder, Donitz went ahead and conducted intense training on his crews regarding the new tactics. His opposers had put their hope in German Navy's extensive "Z Plan,† a plan that was scheduled to be completed in 1945. As noted earlier, they were anticipating that the World War II would start in 1945. However, the war broke out in 1939 and at this time, the German surface fleet was in a state of marked inferiority. Because of this, the only naval option available for Germany was submarine warfare. Donitz and His Military tactics Background in the military Donitz joined the Imperial German Navy in 1910 and in April the same year, he became a sea-cadet. In April 1911 Donitz begun serving as a midshipman before becoming an officer working aboard the cruiser SMS Breslau in 1912. In September 1913, he was commissioned as an Acting Sub-Lieutenant. When the Breslau was sold to Ottoman navy in 1914, Donitz and his colleagues began operating out of Constantinople under Whilhem Souchon. At this time, they served in the Black sea where they were busy engaging the Russian forces. After this, Donitz was transferred to the U-boat service. In March 1916, he w as promoted to the position of Navy First Lieutenant and by October, his request to transfer to the submarine forces was granted hence he began serving as a as watch officer on U-39 as from October 1916. In January 1921, Donitz became lieutenant in the Germany navy. By 1928, he was already commanding torpedo boats and was promoted to the position of a Lieutenant-Commander in November the same year. Due to his great work, Donitz was promoted to the position of a full commander in 1933 and to a Captain in 1935. On January 1938, he was promoted

Drug Laws in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drug Laws in the United States - Research Paper Example There are different types of drugs, some of them which are quite complicated to be handled by the laws. However, one must consider few beneficial ones like Marijuana and Hemp. In this paper, let us analyse the drug laws of USA, while keeping this perspective in our mind. Drug Problem in USA: For almost a century now, US have been fighting against the problem of drugs. Billions of dollars are been spent in this effort; almost fifty billion dollars are spent yearly for controlling drugs. Sadly â€Å"Drug abusers continue to fill our courts, hospitals, and prisons† (History of the US Drugs Policy par.1). Drug laws and penalizations are all helpful methods which are used in controlling the abuse of drugs; but these methods are quite limited in order to completely eradicate the root of all such problems. Economy, Prison system and Decriminalization of drugs: If we see the feasibility of decriminalization in USA, we must first see that almost 45 million people have tried drugs in on e way or the other. Now the question is, how many of them can be imprisoned? If the focus turns to rehabilitation and education, then one can use the help of both rehabilitation and education effectively against drugs. ... tober, 2000, Portugal had taken a step which is yielded as one of the successful and significant landmarks in this arena and it made one to think quite differently. A decade ago, Portugal was struck with severe drug problems just like US is facing today. But Portugal acted quite differently by taking away all the criminal regulations from the drugs, including the top rated ones like cocaine, heroin etc. As a result, it led to a widespread fear that this act by Portugal would create horrible mess. But in adversely, it turned out to be quite helpful to those who are caught with drugs. As they were helped with treatment and also this new focus of the government wonderfully brought down the usage rate of drugs. Also wherever the drugs increased, the increment was found quite less. Apart from that all diseases related to drugs decreased in its statistics (Greenwald p.). As a result addiction rate dropped down â€Å"Five years later, the number of deaths from street drug overdose dropped from around 400 to 290 annually† (Vastag par.2). Actually the philosophy behind all this is that, decriminalizing broke the walls between the citizens and government, and room was created for education and treatment. This tactic paid off well for Portugal and it would surely help United States a lot. The Issue of Marijuana in the US: Marijuana is perhaps the most commonly used drug in US after alcohol and tobacco. And the United States government have been running long behind the regulations of marijuana. But thus, far the results are not satisfactory. In US from 1965 onwards, around 20 million marijuana offences have been recorded. Today it is more problematic than ever because more than a hundred million Americans are using it (Real World Ramifications of Cannabis Legalization and

Consumer Compliance- Discussion Post 4 Assignment

Consumer Compliance- Discussion Post 4 - Assignment Example CFPB and FTC both have limited powers to sue any party but are free to intervene in the litigation. Both agencies coordinate their activities in ensuring elimination of task duplication. For instance, both bodies would inform each other of an investigation and enforcement of actions against any party that exploits consumers. FTC and FFPB both conduct a joint customers’ education in promoting consistency of information and proper knowledge about the use of resources (FTC, 2012). CFPB protects consumers against exploitation by banking institutions and credit unions. FTC, however, does not serve to protect consumers over banks and credit unions. FTC develops auto financial tips on its website in conjunction with American Financial Services Association and National Automobile Dealers Association. CFPB, however, does not provide financial tips. CFPB gathers consumers’ complaints on its website and forwards them to relevant authorities that resolve consumers’ grievances. The strategy that CFPB uses in consumers’ protection is strict and firm while FTC’s web site is neutral and adopts no strict measures in solving the problems of customers (Consumer Financial Service Group, 2011). Consumer Financial Service Group. (2011, July 7). How the CFPB and the FTC interact (part 1). CFPB Monitor. Retrieved May 13, 2015 from http://www.cfpbmonitor.com/2011/07/07/how-the-cfpb-and-the-ftc-interact-part-i/ Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2012, January 23). Federal Trade Commission, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Pledge to Work Together to Protect Consumers. Press Release. Retrieved May 13, 2015 from

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Essay - 4

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Essay Example The company is present in UK, USA, Honk Kong, China, France, Germany, Netherlands, India, and Singapore along with the warehouses universally present. 1. Impact of Globalization and technology A flawless and integrated movement of services, goods and people round the globe is known as globalization which has made this whole world like a global village. This globalization can be a resultant of opening global economy and increased association and link between trades of different nations. Globalization also relates to the liberalization of the import protocols of countries and welcoming the foreign investments in the foundation sectors of a country’s economy (Wrigley 2000). Globalization acts like magnets to attract the global capital through opening economies of countries to multinational firms. There are several indicators of globalization namely internationalization, liberalization, universalization and westernization. All of these indicators are explained ahead. In the develo ping and the developed countries, globalization has and is still playing a very important role in bringing the world together and opening new horizons for prosperity in different aspects. 2. Two Models for superior profitability (Industrial Organization model and resource based model) For a large company like Aceto Corporation, the industrial organization model suggests that external environment dominant have an impact upon strategic actions of the firm. According to this model it is shown that the industry in which the organization has chosen to compete has a greater impact on the performance than the decisions that the managers take inside the company. There are several industrial properties that determine the performance of the company like barriers to entry, economies of scale, product differentiation, degree of concentration of the firms in the industry and diversification etc. (Veliyath & Fitzgerald 2000). According to the resource based model, the resources of the firm includ e the capabilities, assets the organizational processes the attributes, the knowledge the information that it possesses. All these resources serve as input for the firms. The resources must have four attributes according to the VRIN framework that includes Valuable, Rare, Inimitable and Non substitutable. The resources of Aceto are capable of bringing value to the firm and also serve as a source of competitive advantage. The resources are also unique and cannot be copied. This helps the company to win a sustainable competitive advantage. VRIN Framework By applying this framework it can be determined that whether the source of the resources that Aceto has are helping it to gain a sustainable competitive advantage or not. To serve this purpose the resources must be valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable. According the analysis done it is found out that the items that Aceto sells are sold in a unique way and helps them win a competitive advantage. 3. Impact of Vision and Miss ion statements Mission and vision statements are two very important things that any company or organization focuses upon. These statements assist the companies to build growth, loyalty,

SOCIETY & EDUCATION IN JAPAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

SOCIETY & EDUCATION IN JAPAN - Essay Example Additionally, the Japanese education institutions were widely diffused. For instance, the samurai class of warriors was strictly an institution meant for public education whereby classic Chinese literatures were taught. On the other hand, the private academies, referred to as Shijuku, were equivalent to high schools which were open to serve all the social classes. Practical skills, writing and reading were taught in Terakoya; the most popular learning institutions (Dore, 160). Due to the feudal system, formation of national consciousness was held back. Thus, amidst the crisis due to external pressure towards the end of Edo period, awareness of national unity and consciousness was likely to be formed through the modern system education (Rubinger, 11). During the process of adopting modernization in the country, which was in the mid nineteenth century, there was formation of a consensus whose aim was to get rid of the traditional systems of education that supported the split of social classes and create equal education opportunities to every individual across the nation. Furthermore, towards the end of Edo period, this new education system gave room for recruitment of individuals on the basis of their level of knowledge and their abilities. Moreover, the elite individual of the society were singled out in terms of their academic performances. By so doing, the initial condition for employment was decided as per a person’s academic credentials and soci al status. In the year 1868, there was a political revolution that marked the collapse of Tokugawa shogunate and the rise of a new government system where the Emperor was the head. This revolution (Meiji Restoration) can be deemed as the beginning of modernization in Japan. Initially, under Tokugawa, the country faced a lot of pressure from the western countries which demanded it to open up to external linkages.

Uniqlo in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

Uniqlo in the Philippines Essay Uniqlo is a Japanese company that brings great casual wear to people and around the world. Their target market is for everyone. Young or old, class a b and c. Uniqlo retail store is very in nowadays, especially here in the Philippines. Because last June 15, 2012 they open their store at Mall of Asia Philippines and they’re giving away tote bags to the first 500 daily customers from June 15 to 17 and to shoppers with a minimum single receipt of Php2,000 for free. They make a strategy that other retail store not been made. Their stores have many counters for cashiers, because they want to make their transactions very fast. It’s also one way of their customer service, at the same time before they open their store they have lots of billboards, advertisement in newspapers, posting in the internet, etc. so people might aware to their new store. Maybe we are asking, are Uniqlo can affect the sales of other retail store when it comes to casual wear? The answer is yes, but just in the limited time. Maybe we are aware that most Filipino is likely to buy imported stuff. When Mango (U.S. brand) is opened here in the Philippines, Filipinos love to go there and buy clothes, when Forever 21 (Korean brand) is also opened, you can see that Filipinos are wearing their apparel too, and now Uniqlo (Japanese brand) is opened they said they want to be how Japanese wear clothes, because they said that in Paris, and Korea they just copied the style how Japanese people wearing their clothes and Maybe the real case of why Filipinos are buying stuff from different stores is that they want to be in always. Their behavior is unpredictable and they feel that if they’re wearing other country’s brands of clothes, bag, and shoes they are like (sosyal) the Uniqlo Company said in the internet that they studying peoples behavior when it comes to buying apparels. That’s why in their store opening last June 15, 2012 they give away lots of bag, because they studied that Filipinos are love to have freebies. They captured the heart of many Filipinos who live near at moa, some of them their customers too are from different residence in metro manila. And I know why they opened their store at moa. Because of convenience, Uniqlo wants to target the north and the south area of metro  manila. At the same time the price of their clothes are very reasonable why it is ok to buy them at a high cost. The cotton of their clothes is very soft and it not that thin when you wear it, the styles is also very nice compared to other retail stores, they have lots of variances when it comes to men’s wear than women. Because they said Japanese men are more fashionable than women and that’s the thing they want to teach to Filipino people that it’s not sin if men are vainer than women. To conclude the things that Uniqlo want to tell to people is that. They more new quality that can market to people around the world and more good customer service if no one retail store does.

Effectiveness Of The E Recruitment Process Commerce Essay

Effectiveness Of The E Recruitment Process Commerce Essay The rapid advances in technology have dramatically changed the way business is conducted and this increasing use of and reliance on technology is clearly demonstrated by the number of organisations and individuals who utilise the Internet and electronic mail (e-mail). The impact of technology on business is further reflected by the continuous rise in amount of literature exploring the effects of new technology development and implementation on the efficiency of business, including the impacts on human resource practices (Cullen, 2001; Dessler, 2002; Dineen, Noe, Wang, 2004; Smith et al., 2004). In particular, the adoption of the Web as a medium by organisations has been faster than any other medium in history (Bush et al., 2002). This is demonstrated by the fact that while it took more than 30 years for radio as a medium to reach 50 million listeners, the Internet reached 50 million users within five years (Kerschbaumer, 2000). The importance of effective human resource management practices for organisations has been highlighted by the increasing amount of research published within the media. Recruitment is a key element of human resource management; this function generates the human capital that forms the foundation of companies. The success of the company is based on the success of human resource efforts, which evolves through identification and attraction of quality new employees generated from the recruitment process (Barber, 1998). 1.1 Statement of the Problem The scope of study is in private sector which is Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas). Private sector such as Petronas is welcoming people around the world to join them. E-recruitment system is a need for them to adopt and implement. Majority of organization have some degree of online recruitment process. Thus, it certainly creates competition within the industry. E-recruitment is affected by a lot of internal and external factors. Organizations have to constantly aware of the changes and develop appropriates strategies in order to truly gain effectiveness of the e-Recruitment process. Petronas will benefit from the study. 1.2 Research Objectives The objectives of the study are to: To identify the reasons why e-recruitment attract employees more effectively. To identify the reasons recruiter in large organization uses e-recruitment. To identify the effectiveness of using e-recruitment to recruit. 1.3 Research Question The research questions used in this study are: What are the reasons that e-recruitment attracts employees more effectively? What are the reasons recruiters in large organization uses e-recruitment? How effective is e-recruitment to recruit employees in large organization? 1.4 Significance of the Study This research is very important, because the finding of the study will enhance the body of knowledge. This research looks at the relationship of implemented e-recruitment and the effectiveness of the result in attracting employees. The research will benefit Petronas. E-Recruitment system is a necessity for organization to adopt and implement. Majority of organization have some degree of online recruitment process. This study will provide statistical analysis collected from the survey. 1.5 Limitation of the Study The sample of this research is 100 staff in the Administration Department who is working at the private sector at Petronas in order to examine the factors and effectiveness of e-recruitment in a large organization. 1.6 Definitions of Terms TERMS DEFINITIONS Blue-Collar Refer to people who work in office business environment E-recruitment The utilisation of the internet for candidate sourcing, selection, communication, and management throughout the recruitment process High Context Communication Most of the information is either in the physical context or initialized in the person HR professional person who practice or do human resources related job in the company Hypothesis It is an idea, an assumption, or a theory about the behaviour of one or more variables in one or more population Low Context Communication The mass of information is vested in the explicit code message Qualified Candidate person who applied to jobs and has met the qualification of the job Recruitment Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organisation Recruitment Cycle is the time period of companys recruitment process Social Networking Sites websites that provide common cyber space for the registered users to meet or comment on others CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW As the technology and internet advanced, organizations adopt to use web-based tools as a daily management function. For example, recruitment has no longer constrained by distance and time. The raise of e-Recruitment has bought attention to majority of organization. More and more employers adopted the trend of using e-Recruitment process to seek the best qualified candidates. The trend of employer using e-recruitment process has result a decrease using traditional paper based recruitment process. The trend of recruitment process has tendency of use web-based methods, such as job boards, employer web sites, and professional web sites (Ghosh n. pag.). E-Recruitment strategies gradually occur global-wide. More and more countries are adopting the trend. For example, Irelands recent practice of online recruitment has significant influence to organizations. The Irish employer specifically implemented online recruiting for 4 factors: Cost reduction, increase the efficiency of the process, time efficient, and accessibility to broader pool (Reilly and Barber n. pag.). In order to effectively deliver the precise information to the target market, the communication and information flow play a critical part in online recruitment process. According to research, the since the evolution of internet, there is an overflow of information (Savoy and Salvendy13). The overflow of information lead to 60% of people could not find relevant information (qtd. in Montero et al. 2003). The researchers suggested that the information needs of the consumers should be centred and beneficial to the consumers (Savoy and Salvendy14). In e-Recruiting, both employers and employees expect to find valuable information of each other on the web, so a result, the information that either the employers or the employees upload to the web should be carefully reviewed. Both employer and employee expect to learn from each other. Another study done in UK shows that the regular e-Recruiting tools that employer uses are Websites, Receiving e-mail contains resume and cover letter, and check ing personal sites (Williams and Verhoeven 7). The other factors can also significantly influence the effectiveness of communication. One of them is the website design and its contents (Usunier and Roulin 3). The authors studied the high and low context communication on websites. The different cultures have different preferences to the content. In High Context communication, the information is more sophisticated and complex, while in Low Context communication is simpler and clarify (4). Despite the communication preferences, more and more employers use company website, job boards, and social networking sites to recruit talents. All these tools can reach large candidate pools. Especially social networking sites have bought attention to both employers and jobseekers. A fast growing number of people use social sites to look for jobs such as MySpace or Facebook (Roberts and Clark 35). In the jobseekers view, it is easier to connect people with less pressure since its not face to face. It is great for passive jobseekers. In the employ ers view, it is low cost, shorter recruitment cycle, and it can get well-rounded information of the candidates (Sah n. pag.). Certain social sites such as LinkedIn, have noticed the popularity of e-Recruit. It offers employers to purchase business accounts with add-on features such as job posting section or private messaging tools (Gunderson 3). Some employers, not only use social networking sites as recruitment tool, but also background check the candidates and references. However, because the content in the social sites have less formal authorized sources, the employers have little ability to ensure the information posted on the sites is factual (Roberts and Clark 36). Instead, many employers use outsourced background check function to verify the candidates (36). On the other hand, organizations may use their own website for recruitment. Typically the organizational websites are more formal formatted. The contents of the organizational website are well-written delivering companys information and job information along with tools necessary for applicants such as application process. A well-developed online application process can speed up the hiring process and more responsive to the applicants (Kim and OConnor 2). The effectiveness of e-Recruitment can be varied depends on the size of the organization. A study shown that online recruitment was not as appropriate for small organizations, for blue-collar, lower-level position and very senior positions, online recruitment remain more effective in larger organizations and service sectors because larger organizations potentially have larger vacancies to cope with larger group of candidates (Parry and Tyson 15). The limitation of this study result only valid to corporate web sites, because commercial job boards was not related to industry, sector, or organization size. The effectiveness of online recruitment may also affect by the strategies implemented (15). For organizations, there are some opportunities to increase the effectiveness of online recruiting by adding values to the process; For instance, developing a candidate-attraction process, providing screening and response management for the online recruiting process (Wolfe and Hartle n. pag.). Implementing the appropriate strategies can significantly increase the effectiveness of the e-Recruitment. The advantages and disadvantages of implementing online recruitment can be reflected by the statistical figures. A survey done by iLogos.com reveals that 92% of Fortune 500 companies have a website solely for careers and 96% of recruiters reported job posting on their websites (Borstorff, Marker, and Bennett 13). Majority of organizations use some form of online recruitment simply because the advantages overwhelm the disadvantages. The common findings of advantages among studies are: reduced costs, faster processes, wider accessibility, improve reputation and brand (Barber 9), higher quality of applicants, better match of the position, 24/7 running ability, and reduction of unqualified applicants (Verhoeven and Williams 2). On the other hand, the disadvantages are privacy issues, lack of personal touch, user-unfriendly tools, and discrimination issues (2). To conclude, the literature review fitted in the researchers study because E-recruitment system is a necessity for organization to adopt and implement. Majority of organization have some degree of online recruitment process. It certainly creates competition within the industry. E-recruitment is affected by many internal and external factors, and it certainly changes fast. Organizations have to constantly aware of the changes and develop appropriate strategies in order to truly gain effectiveness of the e-Recruitment process. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.0 Introduction This chapter has given the detail methods of obtaining the data and how researchers intend to do it. It hasspecified in detail the research operations and instruments researchers intend to use to address researchers research questions. 3.1 Research Design This section explains the research design chosen for the research. This research is using descriptive research design which describes the characteristics of an existing phenomenon. 3.2 Sampling Frame The sampling frame is the source from which a sample is drawn. It is a list of all those within a population who can be sampled, and may include individuals, households or institutions. So, for this study the sampling frames used by the researchers are among staff in the Administration Department, Petronas. 3.3 Population The population is the set of people or entities to which findings are to be organized. 3.4 Sampling Technique This section describes the kind of sampling procedures used to select the subject from the population. For this tudy the researchers used the simple random sampling as the method. The researchers use sampling method becaisu it givesthe member of the population an equal and independent chance of being selected to be part of the sample. 3.5 Sample Size The size of the group to be surveyed generally determines the size of the sample. For this research the sample size is 100 staff. 3.6 Unit of Analysis A unit of analysis is the subject to be included in the study. The researchers have chosen randomly 100 staff of Administration Department who is working at the Petronas. 3.7 Data Collection Procedures The researchers have collected the data through primary and secondary data such as journals, textbooks and other references. The questionnaires have been created as a method to collect the data. Most of the questions are close ended and it will make easy to respondents to answer the question. 3.8 Instrument The type of questionnaire that is used in this research is structured questionnaire. The researchers have prepared the questions in several sections which are about the respondents demographic factors such as gender and position, the employment, factors and barriers that lead to the effectiveness of e-recruitment, and the importance of the effectiveness of e-recruitment in the organization. 3.9 Validity of Instrument The instrument used in this research is content validity. The researchers have sought two supervisors or lecturers who are experts in this area of this research to determine that the measurement measurers; that are the questionnaires, are extended to be measured. 3.10 Plans for Data Analysis The researchers have chosen the SPSS technique to analyze the data that were obtained from the questionnaires which have been coded in several categories.

The Desktop Publishing DTP Computer Science Essay

The Desktop Publishing DTP Computer Science Essay Refers to the use of computers to design and publish books, brochures, newsletters, magazines and other printed pieces. DTP is really a combination of several different processes including word processing, graphic design, information design, output and pre-press technologies, and sometimes image manipulation. DTP centers around a page layout program. Typically, a layout program is used to import Texts created in word processing programs; Charts and graphs from Spreadsheet programs; drawings and illustrations created in CAD, Drawing or paint program is then used to combine and arrange them all on a page. It is this ability to manipulate so many different items and control how they are used that makes layout software so popular and useful. However, modern word processors also have publishing capabilities, meaning the line separating such programs from DTP software is becoming less clear. in general, though, powerful new publishing systems use high-quality scalable fonts and give you control over typographic features such as Kerning(adjusting the spaces between letters to achieve even, consistent spacing). Another key feature of DTP software is text flow the ability to put text around graphic objects in a variety of ways. Once composed, DTP documents are printers on a laser printer or on a high resolution imageaetter. for transfer to a commercial printer, their native page layout format (such as Adobe inDesing or QuarkXpress) or as PDF files. PDF stands for Portable Document Format and allows people to view, search and print documents exactly as the publisher intended, you don ´t need to have the software and the fonts used to create it. History Desktop publishing began in 1985 with the introduction of  Mac Publisher, the first  WYSIWYG  layout program, which ran on the original 128K  Macintosh  computer. (Desktop  typesetting, with only limited page makeup facilities, had arrived in 1978-9 with the introduction of   Text, and was extended in the early 1980s by  Latex.) The DTP market exploded in 1985 with the introduction in January of the  Apple  LaserWriter  printer, and later in July with the introduction of  PageMaker  software from  Aldus  which rapidly became the DTP industry standard software. The ability to create  WYSIWYG  page layouts on screen and then  print  pages at crisp 300  dpi  resolution was revolutionary for both the typesetting industry and the personal computer industry. Newspapers and other print publications made the move to DTP-based programs from older layout systems like  Atex  and other such programs in the early 1980s. The term desktop publishing is attributed to  Aldus Corporation  founder  Paul Brainerd[1], who sought a marketing catch-phrase to describe the small size and relative affordability of this suite of products in contrast to the expensive commercial  phototypesetting  equipment of the day. By the standards of today, early desktop publishing was a primitive affair. Users of the PageMaker-LaserWriter-Macintosh 512K system endured frequent software crashes, the Macs tiny 512 x 342 1-bit black and white screen, the inability to control  letter spacing,  kerning  (the addition or removal of space between individual characters in a piece of typeset text to improve its appearance or alter its fit) and other  typographic features, and discrepancies between the screen display and printed output. However, it was a revolutionary combination at the time, and was received with considerable acclaim. Behind-the-scenes technologies developed by  Adobe Systems  set the foundation for professional desktop publishing applications. The LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus printers included high quality, scalable Adobe  PostScript-fonts built into their  ROM  memory. The LaserWriters  PostScript  capability allowed publication designers to proof files on a local printer then print the same file at DTP  service bureaus  using  optical resolution  600+ ppi PostScript-printers such as those from  Linotronic. Later, the  Macintosh II  was released which was much more suitable for desktop publishing because of its larger, color screen, support for multiple displays, greater RAM capacity and its  SCSI  storage interface which allowed fast, high-capacity hard drives to be attached to the system. Although Macintosh-based systems would continue to dominate the market, in 1986, the  GEM-based  Ventura Publisher  was introduced for  MS-DOS  computers. While PageMakers pasteboard metaphor closely simulated the process of creating layouts manually, Ventura Publisher automated the layout process through its use of tags/style sheets  and automatically generated indices and other body matter. This made it suitable for manuals and other long-format documents. Desktop publishing moved into the home market in 1986 with  Professional Page  for the  Amiga,  Publishing Partner  (now Page Stream) for the  Atari ST, GSTs  Timeworks Publisher  on the PC and Atari ST and  Calamus  for the  Atari TT030. Even for 8-bit computers like the  Apple II  and  Commodore 64  software was published: Home Publisher,  The Newsroom  and  geo Publish. During these early years, desktop publishing acquired a bad reputation from untrained users who created poorly-organized  ransom note effect  layouts criticisms that would be levied again against early  web  publishers a decade later. However, some were able to realize truly professional results. For example,  .info magazine  became the very first desktop-published, full-color, newsstand magazine in the last quarter of 1986, using a combination of Commodore  Amiga  computers, Professional Page desktop publishing software, and an  Agfa  Graphics typesetter.[2] Often considered a primary skill, increased accessibility to more user-friendly DTP software has made DTP a secondary skill to  art direction,  graphic design,  denvelopment, marketing,  administrative careers  and advanced high school literacy in thriving economies. DTP skill levels range from what may be learned in a few hours (e.g. learning how to put clip art in a word processor) to what requires a college education and years of experience (e.g.  advertising agency  positions). The discipline of DTP skills range from technical skills such as  prepress production  and  programming  to creative skills such as  communication design  and  graphic image development. Terminology There are two types of pages in desktop publishing,  electronic pages  and virtual paper pages to be printed on  physical paper pages. All computerized documents are technically electronic, which are limited in size only by  computer memory  or  computer data storage  space. Virtual paper pages will ultimately be  printed, and therefore require paper parameters that coincide with  international standard physical paper sizes  such as A4, letter, etc., if not custom sizes for trimming. Some desktop publishing programs allow custom sizes designated for large format printing used in  posters,  billboards  and  trade show displays. A virtual page for printing has a predesignated size of virtual printing material and can be viewed on a monitor in  WYSIWYG  format. Each page for printing has trim sizes (edge of paper) and a printable area if  bleed printing  is not possible as is the case with most  desktop printers. A  web page  is an example of an electronic page that is not constrained by virtual paper parameters. Most electronic pages may be dynamically re-sized, causing either the  content  to scale in size with the page or causing the  content to re-flow. Master pages are templates used to automatically copy or link elements and graphic design styles to some or all the pages of a multipage document. Linked elements can be modified without having to change each instance of an element on pages that use the same element. Master pages can also be used to apply graphic design styles to automatic page numbering. Page layout  is the process by which the elements are laid on the page orderly, aesthetically, and precisely. Main types of components to be laid out on a page include  text, linkedimages  that can only be modified as an external source, and embedded images that may be modified with the layout application software. Some embedded images are  rendered  in the application software, while others can be placed from an external source image file. Text may be  keyed  into the layout, placed, or (with  database publishing  applications) linked to an external source of text which allows multiple editors to develop a document at the same time. Graphic design styles such as color, transparency, and filters, may also be applied to layout elements.  Typography  styles may be applied to text automatically with  style sheets. Some layout programs include style sheets for images in addition to text. Graphic styles for images may be border shapes, colors, transparency, filters, and a parameter designating the way text flows around the object called wraparound or runaround. Comparisons With word processing While desktop publishing software still provides extensive features necessary for print publishing, modern word processors now have publishing capabilities beyond those of many older DTP applications, blurring the line between  word processing  and desktop publishing. In the early days of  graphical user interfaces, DTP software was in a class of its own when compared to the fairly Spartan word processing applications of the time. Programs such as Word Perfect  and  WordStar  were still mainly text-based and offered little in the way of page layout, other than perhaps margins and line spacing. On the other hand, word processing software was necessary for features like indexing and spell checking, features that are common in many applications today. As computers and operating systems have become more powerful, vendors have sought to provide users with a single application platform that can meet all needs. With other electronic layout software In modern usage, DTP is not generally said to include tools such as  TeX  or  troff, though both can easily be used on a modern desktop system and are standard with many  Unix-like operating systems and readily available for other systems. The key difference between electronic  typesetting  software and DTP software is that DTP software is generally interactive and WYSIWYG  in design, while older electronic typesetting software tends to operate in  batch mode, requiring the user to enter the processing programs markup language manually without a direct visualization of the finished product. The older style of typesetting software occupies a substantial but shrinking niche in  technical writing  and textbook publication; however, since much software in this genre is freely available, it can be more cost-effective than the professionally-oriented DTP systems. It is also particularly suitable for corporate newsletters or other applications where consistent, automated layout is important. One of the early and comprehensive reference books on the art of Desktop Publishing is Desktop Publishing For Everyone by K.S.V. Menon. This publication deals with virtually every facet of publishing and nearly all tools available as at the time of the publishing of this book in the year 2000. It is currently out of print. There is some overlap between desktop publishing and what is known as  Hypermedia  publishing (i.e. Web design, Kiosk, CD-ROM). Many graphical  HTML editors  such as  Microsoft FrontPage  and  Adobe Dreamweaver  use a layout engine similar to a DTP program. However, some Web designers still prefer to write HTML without the assistance of a WYSIWYG editor, and only resort to such software, if at all, solely for complex layout that cannot easily be rendered in hand-written HTML code. DTP applications Adobe FrameMaker Adobe InDesign Adobe PageMaker CorelDRAW Corel Ventura iStudio Publisher Microsoft Office Publisher OpenOffice PageStream  (used to be Publishing Partner) QuarkXPress Ready,Set,Go Scribus Serif page plus

Black Boy :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Richard Wright’s non-fiction novel Black Boy the main character, Richard, faces many problems that he must deal with. In this book the author writes about his life and hardships. The book starts off with Richard at the young age of four. Black Boy represents the deprivation Wright faces growing up. It shows poverty, hunger, lack of emotional support, miserable living conditions and Richard’s response to these difficulties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Education and acquiring knowledge was a problem that Richard faced in the course of his life and which he emphasized heavily in this book. He was a very curios boy that wanted to learn. He would look at the books of the kids in the neighborhood and ask them what the black print was. He would also question his mother until finally she sat down with him and they read together and he would ask about words. He was enrolled into school but since they were constantly moving he never went one year without his schooling have been broken. At one point his teacher read to him from her novels and his grandmother scorned her and said that was the devils work. This didn’t stop him. He would read novels and not even know enough words for what he was reading to make sense. His quest for literacy was one that he had to deal with alone. He didn’t have much support from his family but he would not give up on furthering his education. The black white issue didn’t affect Richard until later in his life when he started to acknowledge there was such an issue. He wanted to be accepted into society and wanted to change the ways people treated the blacks of the south. He wanted to be equal with the whites and felt that knowledge would bring him closer to them and understand them and how they think.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Richard’s hatred towards his father posed a problem in his earlier life. He felt that his father was a stranger to him since he worked at night and slept during the daytime. He noticed his father’s personality when they were living in a two-room apartment. Richard and his brother had to remain quiet while his father was sleeping. Richard had a tendency to rebel against parental authority. One day him and his brother were playing with a kitten that lingered around the house and their father woke up and told them to either kill the cat or make it leave from the area.

Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry David Thoreau and the Voices of the Oppres

Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry David Thoreau and the Voices of the Oppressed      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There have been many writers who dedicated much of their work towards representing the voices of the oppressed. Among them are Harriet Beecher Stowe and Henry David Thoreau. Although these authors were dedicated to the same cause they approached the subject from their own perspective, reflecting on an issue that was relevant to their position in life. Their literature was used to address, or in some cases attack, problems within society such as race, equality, and gender. The voices of Stowe, and Thoreau were used as an instrument in representing the injustices of those who had no one else to protect them. Oddly enough, this protection was from the very government which declared "equal rights" for all men. Harriet Beecher Stowe is perhaps best known for her work entitled Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a heart-wrenching story about the treatment and oppression of slaves. Uncle Tom’s Cabin brings to life the evils of slavery and questions the moral and religious values of those who condoned or participated in such a lifestyle. While the factual accuracy of this work has been criticized by advocators of both slavery and abolition it is widely believed that the information contained was drawn from Stowe’s own life experiences (Adams 62). She was the seventh child and youngest daughter in her family. She was only four years old when her mother died, which left the young Harriet Beecher little protection from her "Fatherà ¢s rugged character and doctrinal strictness" (Adams 19). To further complicate matters she was aware that her father preferred she had been a boy. According to Adams, although Stoweà ¢s childhood was not entirely unhappy she would never forget... ...n Wilderness is Thoreau." Henry David Thoreau: Studies and Commentaries. Ed. Walter Harding et al. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickenson UP, 1972. 19. Slavery Source: "Biographical ketch of the Authoress." Stowe, Harriet Beecher: Uncle Tomà ¢s emancipation, earthly care and heavenly discipline; and other tales and sketches. 1853. fiche E441.S645 no.354, card 1. xx. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. "Declaration of Sentiments." The Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. ,1998. 2035. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. "Uncle Tomà ¢s Cabin." 1852. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 2325, 2326. Thoreau, Henry David/ "Resistance to Civil Disobedience." 1849. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 2090, 2094. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry David Thoreau and the Voices of the Oppres Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry David Thoreau and the Voices of the Oppressed      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There have been many writers who dedicated much of their work towards representing the voices of the oppressed. Among them are Harriet Beecher Stowe and Henry David Thoreau. Although these authors were dedicated to the same cause they approached the subject from their own perspective, reflecting on an issue that was relevant to their position in life. Their literature was used to address, or in some cases attack, problems within society such as race, equality, and gender. The voices of Stowe, and Thoreau were used as an instrument in representing the injustices of those who had no one else to protect them. Oddly enough, this protection was from the very government which declared "equal rights" for all men. Harriet Beecher Stowe is perhaps best known for her work entitled Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a heart-wrenching story about the treatment and oppression of slaves. Uncle Tom’s Cabin brings to life the evils of slavery and questions the moral and religious values of those who condoned or participated in such a lifestyle. While the factual accuracy of this work has been criticized by advocators of both slavery and abolition it is widely believed that the information contained was drawn from Stowe’s own life experiences (Adams 62). She was the seventh child and youngest daughter in her family. She was only four years old when her mother died, which left the young Harriet Beecher little protection from her "Fatherà ¢s rugged character and doctrinal strictness" (Adams 19). To further complicate matters she was aware that her father preferred she had been a boy. According to Adams, although Stoweà ¢s childhood was not entirely unhappy she would never forget... ...n Wilderness is Thoreau." Henry David Thoreau: Studies and Commentaries. Ed. Walter Harding et al. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickenson UP, 1972. 19. Slavery Source: "Biographical ketch of the Authoress." Stowe, Harriet Beecher: Uncle Tomà ¢s emancipation, earthly care and heavenly discipline; and other tales and sketches. 1853. fiche E441.S645 no.354, card 1. xx. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. "Declaration of Sentiments." The Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. ,1998. 2035. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. "Uncle Tomà ¢s Cabin." 1852. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 2325, 2326. Thoreau, Henry David/ "Resistance to Civil Disobedience." 1849. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 2090, 2094.

Classification: Help For Mental Disorders Essay -- essays research pap

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many different things that are the cause of mental disorders. Alcoholism, brain tumors, strokes, and damage to the brain are a few causes of mental disorders. Mental disorders can also result from birth. There are many health care services for mental disorders. Three occupations that help the symptoms of mental health are psychiatrist, neurologist, and a clinical psychologist. Each of these occupations, psychiatrist, neurologist, and a clinical psychologist, treat mental health symptoms differently, have different requirements of education, and are authorized to different rights concerning the patient.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A psychiatrist is one occupation that helps deal with mental health problems. A psychiatrist deals with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders of the mind. This person has completed years of medical school, one year of internship, and has passed a state license exam. Since psychiatrists are physicians, they can prescribe medicines to treat conditions. Some of the types of disorders that a psychologist treats are: clinical depressions, manic depressions, psychotic, schizophrenia, MPD (multiple personality disorder), and post-traumatic stress disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A neurologist is another occupation that deals with mental health. A neurologist is a physician who specializes in organic disorders of the brain and nervous system. This person has a degree in medicine, postgraduate training and experience in this field, certification as a specialist, and a state li...

Motivation Solution Essay

Motivation is the real driving force of a company that culminates the entire work force of a company into one tireless engine that runs on towards success. However, it is easier said than done to achieve that flow of motivation in a company – because it takes relentless effort from the management to keep every component of the organization motivated. Therefore, I felt really happy as an organizational consultant, when the CEO of â€Å"The Altitude Corporation†, Mr. David had sought my assistance to assess and recommend ways and means to improve the state of LOB (Leadership and Organizational Behavior) in his esteemed company. It made me happy on another account that I could successfully pinpoint the problem areas and specific solutions for them and I’m sure that the application of such solutions would definitely make a difference to the future performance of the organization. Therefore, this paper is presented to â€Å"The Altitude Corporation† as part of the blueprint of the detailed, employee-based analysis, which deals with motivation problem of the company. Here I’ve embedded the nuances of motivation with the problem areas to provide an enhanced understanding of motivation and its relation with the company. However, the brief of the problems found in the motivation sector is placed below: The Problem An exhaustive study on the motivational state of the 350 employees of the organization is showing that there is serious lack of motivation among the employees, which is the cumulative effect of various factors.   These factors have been mentioned along with possible solutions and detailed discussion in this report, besides discussion on the topic to enhance better understanding about the problems of the company. What is Motivation? Background: Altitude Corporation is a budding company with 350 employees on its roll at present, where most of the departments are interdependent in executing the various levels of operation. Therefore it is necessary to understand the key concepts of motivation to apply them towards motivating the employees. Motivation is the guiding spirit behind the execution of a chosen action, where it helps to achieve the desired result out of that action. Now this guiding spirit is actually backed by some grand essentials of happiness – which form the core of all living being’s reasoning for survival or to develop – as the management guru Shiv Khera says, motivation is a â€Å"drive that encourages action or feeling. It is a force that can literally change your life† (Khera 2004). Motivation Philosophy in Workplace Environment It may seem that motivation is an automated process, and humans have nothing to meddle into it – but it is the degree of its intensity that determines the level of one’s achievement and from this perspective motivation is a very important factor in human life, which is multidimensional and is not limited to manage just a living for a good number of years. Thus, at the primary level motivation is essential for existence, and in its secondary level, it is essential to develop further on aesthetic, emotional or esoteric plane of existence. Likewise, one might have many goals spread out at various levels of his/her existence and thus requires all of his/her power of body and mind. Here motivation would be that essential catalyst to synchronize the body and mind power of that individual, which would heighten the emotion and passion to achieve all such goals. In this context, motivation philosophy is an extremely important in workplace, because all or most of the primary or secondary goals of the employees are either directly or indirectly attached to the success of his/her workplace, which is totally dependent on the motivated action of the employees themselves. Thus it will be pertinent to incorporate motivation theories that have evolved out of workplace environment and I have chosen four such theories for better understanding of the subject from various angles, besides showing the correlations among them and the proceedings of the Altitude Corporation. Motivation Theories Theory 1: Hierarchy of Needs This theory of Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)[1] provides an outline of human needs that a manager should know and exploit to motivate the employees, because motivation is guided by unfulfilled needs. Thus Maslow’s model of ‘needs’ is invaluable to systematically pursue the needs while keeping the flow of motivation intact. Maslow’s model (Abraham, 2006) divides the human needs into five broad based categories and they are: 1. Physiological Needs: Air, Water, Nourishment and Sleep – these are the basic needs of humans and a company should take care that the employees are having all these in proper measure. It’s only after meeting this need, humans can look towards sustenance, and thus arrives the need like Safety need. 2. Safety Needs: This need covers the issues of safety in both living and in workplace, medical insurance, job security and financial backup. Company should try to contribute in all of these areas with the view that the problem in any of these areas takes away the focus of the employees. This provides much needed mental space and time to the employees, where they can afford to pursue another vital need like Social Need. 3. Social Needs: Group activities, socialization, or enhanced interpersonal communication are the elements that fulfill the social needs and which are well within the ambit of a company to imbibe in the employees, where they form a sense of belonging, which paves the way for the next need, that is Esteem Need. 4. Esteem Needs: At this stage humans turn their focus on esteem that involves recognition and social status, at the outer world and self-respect or sense of achievement in one’s own mind. This creates the platform to pursue the self-realization process, which is a unique and endless process, where one can bask in the endless discoveries about oneself. Maslow had named this ultimate need of humans as Self-actualization. It is thus understood, that an employee would reach his/her highest point of regard about the company, if it can help him/her to reach this state. 5. Self-actualization: Every human life is ideally poised to pursue this need where one can delve deep within and keep on discovering oneself from many perspective both on mental and physical plane – it is something like playing in one’s own garden – in Maslow’s words, â€Å"Self-actualized persons have frequent occurrences of peak experiences, which are moments of profound happiness and harmony† (Maslow’s, 2008).

Impact Of Computer Technology On Communication Essay

1. purloinTechnological phylogeny has had a self-coloured advert on the elan nightclub take put ups, particularly with its acceleration in the final stage few centuries. From the invention of the telegraph and squall to the advent of the Internet, engineering has given hatful tools to not only pull through in touch with each some early(a), and in all case express their feelings and opinions to a broader audience than would differently deliver been im achievable. E realthing has both(prenominal) a dogmatic and negative impact, and the impact of engineering on the parley process also comes as mixed baggage. It is the purpose of this musical composition to establish the positive and negative impacts of computer technology on communicating. In this article, we would be discussing the impact of popular technical elements the alike electronic mails, tele mobilizes, carrellph wizards etc. on our room of converse.INTRODUCTION intercourse is an essential part of life. The engage of technology tramp be a swell serve well to mickle in communicating, reducing the age it takes. But technology ordure brace consequences of reducing mortal-to-person interaction without the wrench as an intermediary.Emailelectronic mail, or email, was one of the first changes in how quite a little mathematical function technology to glide by with individuals. The faculty to release schooling to many a(prenominal) different good deal at once, without traffic a clashing or requiring printing of the materials, turned into a money- and time-saving device.Text pass onText pass along also has its own language, an abbreviated form of speech that has nominate its way into class rooms and businesses. People argon much likely to pull out their phone and start school texting while sitting at the table for dinner or while having a conversation in person. The actions of texting whitethorn seem rude under conventional kindly norms, leading to misunderstandings.Instant transportInstant messaging has been or so since the 1990s. It was in the first place apply by heap to pass along while doing homework and rightful(prenominal) to detention in touch. It was texting before text messaging became affordable. Businesses realized the potential of real-time intercourse at the computer between employees and implemented it. Instant messaging, or IM, has provideed people to deform other people without having to use the phone. affable MediaSocial media cast off been a novelty in how people plan events and communicate with one another. Rather than talking to their friends in person, they can post a annotate intimately their life. The rotary motion of social media has allowed people to rekindle friendships, cast off new friends and spend a penny new interests.1. Positive Effects of engineering science on converseTechnology has transform the once big and far earth into a tiny global village. thank to technology, we now have the power to communicate with anybody on the other side of the world. The points on a lower floor summarize these benefits.1.1. Keeping in spiritFor more than than than a century now, technological advances have brought the world closer, devising confabulation across long distances easier. Telegrams argon sudden than letters phone calls, in turn, atomic number 18 faster than telegrams, as well as easier and more pleasant, since they require no intermediator and allow users to gather up each others junction. Cell phones take this one step further, allowing people to call and chat with each other regardless of their location. Online chat of all types is the some efficient yet, with email being a near-instantaneous version of the paper letter webcams, paired with communication programs much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Skype, iChat or Google VideoChat, get it possible to see the person you be speaking with rather than just hear his voice.1.2. Doing BusinessThe s ame technological advances that have simplified and improved private communication have also had the same well(p) effects on business. Communication between colleagues is near-instantaneous whether they are a few rooms or a few countries asunder video conferencing allows companies to have workers scattered around the globe while but ease hold efficient meetings and discussions business meshing is do easier by social media and online networks designed specifically for that purpose, such as LinkedIn. Perhaps most primally, companies can expand beyond their topical anesthetic market and gain a wider customer base simply by maintaining an dynamic online presence.1.3. Overcoming DisabilitiesTechnology has both improved communication for disabled people and made it possible where it previously wasnt. Hearing aids progress the hearing of partially deaf people, making it easier to understand speech, while cochlear implants touch hearing to the completely deaf. Speech-generating devices give people with severe speech impairments a way to express themselves perhaps the most notable user of such a device is scientist Stephen Hawking. Further advances in technology may result in functional brain-computer interface systems, restoring the faculty to communicate to people who have lost it entirely, such as sufferers of locked-in syndrome.1.4 stretchiness a Broader AudienceAs peoples ability to communicate improves, the pass by of their messages widens. This can be especially important in politics and activism. For instance, photos and video save covertly through a cell phone can be promptly and easily shared online through websites such as YouTube, making it harder for oppressive regimes to keep control social networks such as Facebook and Twitter can be used to organize and coordinate meetings and protests. The Egyptian revolution of 2011-2012 was spurred greatly by social media.2. The oppose Effects of Technology on Communication2.1. PrivacyCommunicatin g via computers can help people bridge large geographical gaps and access remote information, but doing so may open up a persons cover more than he might want. With an in the flesh(predicate) meeting or phone conversation, there is a relative assurance that details of those exchanges leave behind remain private. However, with email, text messaging or message boards, there is a place down of what people say. Information is not just thrown out into the air like speech, but it stored as a unchangeable record. There is an inherent danger when ordinal parties can access these online conversations. Similarly, social networks and other Internet- found communication tools are vulnerable to privacy breach, as users often engage in these activities on public networks, leaving personal information, potentially, out in the open.2.2. MisinterpretationThe detail that most communication taking place on computers comes in the form of text can actually be a negative in terms of our ability t o understand things clearly. Even with email, it is possible for information to be misconstrued or the emotion of a statement to be missed. Saying thank a lot to individual in an e-mail message, for instance, could be used to rightfully relay gratitude. On the other hand, it could express a negative feeling of someone being put in a tough position. The context clues that a person provides with their body language and tone of voice are lost in this scenario. Users protrude around some of this confusion by employ emoticons keyboard characters that serve as a shorthand for mood and feeling but a great deal of tincture can be missed without sightedness how someone reacts with their body language and voice.2.3 colonySocietys dependency on computers for communication is also a mordacious game, as outside hauls can observe communication in a conversion of ways. Earthquakes, floods and hurricanes have caused various slowdowns and stoppages of Internet connectivity for people a ll over the world. Additionally, reliance on social networks and email can have the unintended consequence of opening a person up to identify thie actually attempts and email scams. Even the outside force of political unrest can imperil a users ability to communicate, as the 2011 demonstrations in Cairo and Libyaresulted in government shutdowns of the Internet, drastically curtailing each estates ability to communicate, both nationally and internationally.2.4. Impact on childrenThe minds of children are like blank pages. As we know that the contemporaries of this era has a high take aim of dexterity. Their elevated cleverness allows them to fill those pages very fast with the provided information. Such information can be extracted not only from books and other educational materials but also from games, TV shows and texting. . instantly, more and more people are interacting with others through different platforms like apps, role-playing online games, social networks, etc. This a dvancement has thwarted the physical interaction skills of many children. Due to that they dont know how to interact with others when they meet them in-person or what gesture they should carry. A restrain use of gad descends can be quite useful for children as it will allow them to be up to date with the original technology. However, the overuse of these advancements can really hamper or even damage their development in the personal growth, communication and educational department.2.5 Elevated ExasperationThese days, children indulge themselves in net profit, games or texting. These activities have affected their promontory negatively, consequently leading to increased frustration. Now they stop frustrated whenever they are asked to do anything while playing games or using internet. For instance, when their parents ask them to take the trash out, they get furious instantly. This behavior has shattered many parent-children relationships.2.6. Deteriorated PatiencePatience is a v ery precious virtue and its scarcity could flatten a persons Will. aspiration is a necessity that comes with patience and without it no individual can survive the hardships of life. check to studies, tolerance in children is vanishing quite progressively due to the improper use of technology. For example, children get frustrated quickly when they surf internet and the page they want to view takes time to load.2.7. Declining Writing SkillsDue to the excessive physical exertion of online chatting and shortcuts, the writing skills of todays puppyish generation have declined quite tremendously. These days, children are relying more and more on digital communication that they have totally forgot about improving their writing skills. They dont know the spelling of different words, how to use grammar properly or how to do written writing.CONCLUSIONWhile technology did make communications faster and easier, it has also made, at times, communication more distracting and less clear.Wit h any technological innovation and use of computer, communication issues of privacy, trust, security, and social control have been increase as computers have become more pervasive.. As you can see, the impact is both positive and negative. But logically thinking, technology has bettered the communication process and has done minimal harm. The positive points of the technological advancements cover up the negative points. It all depends on how we use these means use the technological means of communication for sane purposes, and dont abuse them for malicious motivesREFERENCES1. Kiesler, S., Siegel, J., McGuire, T. W. (1984). Social psychological aspects of computer- liaise communication. American Psychologist, 39(10), 1123-1134 2 Smilowitz, M., Compton, C. D., & Flint, L. (1988). The effect of computer mediated communication on an individuals judgement A study based on the methods of Aschs social form experiment. calculators in Human Behavior, 4,311-321. 3 Freeman, S.C. and L.C. Freeman 1979 The networkers network a study of the impact of a new communications medium on sociometric structure. Social Science investigate Reports, No. 46. University of California,Irvine. 4 Tanis, M. (2003). Cues to Identity in Computer Mediated Communication. The impact on individual Perception and Subsequent Interaction Outcomes. dissertation University of Amsterdam. Enschede Print Partners Ipskamp.